--- title: A ladybird's spots show its kind, not its age: a seven-spot ladybird… — Life cycles and metamorphosis: frog, butterfly,… · tree and pragmatics description: A ladybird's spots show its kind, not its age: a seven-spot ladybird always has about 7 spots, and the bright colours warn birds that it tastes bad. Who acts: spots, spot ladybird, bright colours, ladybird. A sentence of the lesson «Life cycles and metamorphosis: frog, butterfly, ladybird» of the bi --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/48-life-cycles-metamorphosis/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Life cycles and metamorphosis: frog, b…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/48-life-cycles-metamorphosis/) / 13 # Life cycles and metamorphosis: frog, butterfly, ladybird, sentence 13 A ladybird's spots show its kind, not its age: a seven-spot ladybird always has about 7 spots, and the bright colours warn birds that it tastes bad. **Who acts:** spots, spot ladybird, bright colours, ladybird · **What happens:** show, have, warn, taste · **To what, where:** kind, 7 spots, birds · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Life cycles and metamorphosis: frog, butterfly, ladybird» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (spots, spot ladybird, bright colours, ladybird), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:048-life-cycles-metamorphosis.lesson:13 # text = A ladybird's spots show its kind, not its age: a seven-spot ladybird always has about 7 spots, and the bright colours warn birds that it tastes bad. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 048-life-cycles-metamorphosis.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 ladybird ladybird NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nmod:poss _ _ 3 's 's PART POS _ 2 case _ _ 4 spots spot NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 5 show show VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ _ 7 kind kind NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obj _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 9 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 11 advmod _ _ 10 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ _ 11 age age NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 conj _ _ 12 : : PUNCT : _ 19 punct _ _ 13 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 14 seven seven NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 16 nummod _ _ 15 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 14 punct _ _ 16 spot spot NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 compound _ _ 17 ladybird ladybird NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ _ 18 always always ADV RB PronType=Tot 19 advmod _ _ 19 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ _ 20 about about ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ _ 21 7 7 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 22 nummod _ _ 22 spots spot NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obj _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 26 bright bright ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 amod _ _ 27 colours colour NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 nsubj _ _ 28 warn warn VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 29 birds bird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 obj _ _ 30 that that SCONJ IN _ 32 mark _ _ 31 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nsubj _ _ 32 tastes taste VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 28 ccomp _ _ 33 bad bad ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 32 xcomp _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **show** | present | a ladybird's spots | spot's kind | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent kind=Recipient | | 2 | **have** | present | a spot ladybird | 7 spots | | | | always *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spot=Patient | | 3 | **warn** *speech: warn* | present | the bright colours | | birds | | | | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient that S»: agent=Agent bird=Recipient clause=Topic | | 4 | **taste** | present | ladybird | | | | | bad *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:048-life-cycles-metamorphosis.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Life cycles and metamorphosis: frog, b…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/48-life-cycles-metamorphosis/11/) - next →: [Life cycles and metamorphosis: frog, b…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/48-life-cycles-metamorphosis/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/48-life-cycles-metamorphosis/)