--- title: The saguaro cactus of Arizona and Mexico can grow over 12 metres tal… — The desert: living with little water · tree and pragmatics description: The saguaro cactus of Arizona and Mexico can grow over 12 metres tall and live over 150 years; its pleated stem swells like an accordion to store water, and its first arm often grows only at about 50 to 70 years old. Who acts: saguaro cactus, pleated stem, first arm, cactus. A sentence of the lesson --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/5-the-desert/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The desert: living with little water](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/5-the-desert/) / 8 # The desert: living with little water, sentence 8 The saguaro cactus of Arizona and Mexico can grow over 12 metres tall and live over 150 years; its pleated stem swells like an accordion to store water, and its first arm often grows only at about 50 to 70 years old. **Who acts:** saguaro cactus, pleated stem, first arm, cactus · **What happens:** grow, live, pleat, swell, store, stem · **To what, where:** water This is a sentence of the lesson «The desert: living with little water» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (saguaro cactus, pleated stem, first arm, cactus), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:005-the-desert.lesson:8 # text = The saguaro cactus of Arizona and Mexico can grow over 12 metres tall and live over 150 years; its pleated stem swells like an accordion to store water, and its first arm often grows only at about 50 to 70 years old. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 005-the-desert.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 saguaro saguaro NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 cactus cactus NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _ 4 of of ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 Arizona Arizona PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nmod _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 7 Mexico Mexico PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 conj _ _ 8 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 9 aux _ _ 9 grow grow VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 10 over over ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=12:advmod 11 12 12 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 12 nummod _ _ 12 metres metre NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obl:unmarked _ _ 13 tall tall ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 xcomp _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 15 live live VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 9 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=13:conj 16 over over ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 150 150 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 18 nummod _ _ 18 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 obl _ _ 19 ; ; PUNCT : _ 9 punct _ _ 20 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ _ 21 pleated pleat VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 22 amod _ _ 22 stem stem NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ _ 23 swells swell VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 parataxis _ _ 24 like like ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 accordion accordion NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=23:nmod 27 to to PART TO _ 28 mark _ _ 28 store store VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 23 advcl _ _ 29 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obj _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 32 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 34 nmod:poss _ _ 33 first first ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 34 amod _ _ 34 arm arm NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 nsubj _ _ 35 often often ADV RB _ 36 advmod _ _ 36 grows grow VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 conj _ _ 37 only only ADV RB _ 40 advmod _ _ 38 at at ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 39 about about ADV RB _ 40 advmod _ _ 40 50 50 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 43 nummod _ _ 41 to to ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 42 70 70 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 40 nmod _ _ 43 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 44 obl:unmarked _ _ 44 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 36 ccomp _ _ 45 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **grow** | can | the saguaro cactus of Arizona and Mexico | | | | | tall *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **live** | infinitive | the saguaro cactus of Arizona and Mexico *not said here* | | | | year | | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **pleat** | participle | | | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **swell** | present | cactus's pleated stem | | | | | like a accordion | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | | 5 | **store** | to-infinitive | cactus's pleated stem *not said here* | water | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme | | 6 | **grow** | present | cactus's first arm | | | | | often *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 7 | **stem** | | cactus | | | | | | nom stem «communication transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:005-the-desert.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The desert: living with little water, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/5-the-desert/6/) - next →: [The desert: living with little water, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/5-the-desert/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/5-the-desert/)