--- title: Ants that find food lay a scent trail of chemicals called pheromones… — How animals talk · tree and pragmatics description: Ants that find food lay a scent trail of chemicals called pheromones on the way home, and other ants smell it with their antennae and follow it. Who acts: Ants, chemicals, other ants. A sentence of the lesson «How animals talk» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/50-how-animals-talk/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [How animals talk](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/50-how-animals-talk/) / 12 # How animals talk, sentence 12 Ants that find food lay a scent trail of chemicals called pheromones on the way home, and other ants smell it with their antennae and follow it. **Who acts:** Ants, chemicals, other ants · **What happens:** find, lay, call, smell, follow · **To what, where:** food, scent trail, pheromones, trail · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals talk» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ants, chemicals, other ants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:050-how-animals-talk.lesson:12 # text = Ants that find food lay a scent trail of chemicals called pheromones on the way home, and other ants smell it with their antennae and follow it. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 050-how-animals-talk.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×2 1 Ants ant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 2 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 3 nsubj _ _ 3 find find VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 1 acl:relcl _ _ 4 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 5 lay lay VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=0:root|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 7 scent scent NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 compound _ _ 8 trail trail NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obj _ _ 9 of of ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 chemicals chemical NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 nmod _ _ 11 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 10 acl _ _ 12 pheromones pheromone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 xcomp _ _ 13 on on ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nmod _ _ 16 home home ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 19 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 20 ants ant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 nsubj _ _ 21 smell smell VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 22 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 obj _ _ 23 with with ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ _ 25 antennae antennae NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obl _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 27 follow follow VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=21:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 28 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 obj _ _ 29 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **find** | present | Ants | food | | | | | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Topic | | 2 | **lay** | present | Ants | a scent trail of chemicals | | | | | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trail=Result | | 3 | **call** | participle | chemicals *not said here* | pheromones on the way | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **smell** | present | other ants | trail | | | | with Ants's antennae | vn see-30.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus | | 5 | **follow** | present | other ants *not said here* | trail | | | | | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:050-how-animals-talk.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [How animals talk, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/50-how-animals-talk/11/) - next →: [How animals talk, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/50-how-animals-talk/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/50-how-animals-talk/)