--- title: Fireflies are beetles that make cold light in their tails; each kind… — How animals talk · tree and pragmatics description: Fireflies are beetles that make cold light in their tails; each kind has its own flash code, and some females copy another kind's code to lure males and eat them. Who acts: Fireflies, beetles, kind, females. A sentence of the lesson «How animals talk» of the biology course of Mova's primary school w --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/50-how-animals-talk/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [How animals talk](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/50-how-animals-talk/) / 13 # How animals talk, sentence 13 Fireflies are beetles that make cold light in their tails; each kind has its own flash code, and some females copy another kind's code to lure males and eat them. **Who acts:** Fireflies, beetles, kind, females · **What happens:** be, make, have, copy, lure, eat · **To what, where:** beetles, cold light, tails, own flash code, code, males This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals talk» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Fireflies, beetles, kind, females), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:050-how-animals-talk.lesson:13 # text = Fireflies are beetles that make cold light in their tails; each kind has its own flash code, and some females copy another kind's code to lure males and eat them. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 050-how-animals-talk.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Fireflies firefly NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _ 3 beetles beetle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 4 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 5 nsubj _ _ 5 make make VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 acl:relcl _ _ 6 cold cold ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 light light NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obj _ _ 8 in in ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ _ 10 tails tail NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obl _ _ 11 ; ; PUNCT : _ 14 punct _ _ 12 each each DET DT PronType=Tot 13 det _ _ 13 kind kind NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ _ 14 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 15 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ _ 16 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 17 flash flash NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 compound _ _ 18 code code NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obj _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 21 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 22 det _ _ 22 females female NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ _ 23 copy copy VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=14:conj 24 another another DET DT PronType=Ind 25 det _ _ 25 kind kind NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nmod:poss _ _ 26 's 's PART POS _ 25 case _ _ 27 code code NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obj _ _ 28 to to PART TO _ 29 mark _ _ 29 lure lure VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 23 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=27:acl 30 males male NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 obj _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 32 eat eat VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 29 conj _ _ 33 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 obj _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Fireflies | beetles | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **make** | present | beetles | cold light | | Fireflies's tails | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset light=Product | | 3 | **have** | present | each kind | kind's own flash code | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent code=Patient | | 4 | **copy** | present | some females | another kind's code | | | | | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent code=Theme | | 5 | **lure** | to-infinitive | some females *not said here* | males | | | | | vn lure-59.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent male=Patient | | 6 | **eat** | infinitive | some females *not said here* | males *= male* | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient | | 7 | **code** | | kind | | | | | | nom code «communication transitive»: poss=agent | | 8 | **code** | | another kind | | | | | | nom code «communication transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:050-how-animals-talk.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [How animals talk, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/50-how-animals-talk/12/) - next →: [How animals talk, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/50-how-animals-talk/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/50-how-animals-talk/)