--- title: A loose, wide tail wag is usually friendly, but a stiff, high, fast… — How animals talk · tree and pragmatics description: A loose, wide tail wag is usually friendly, but a stiff, high, fast wag can mean a dog is tense; dogs talk with their whole body, ears, tail, hackles, mouth and how they stand. Who acts: loose wide tail wag, stiff high fast wag, dog, dogs. A sentence of the lesson «How animals talk» of the biology c --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/50-how-animals-talk/7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [How animals talk](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/50-how-animals-talk/) / 7 # How animals talk, sentence 7 A loose, wide tail wag is usually friendly, but a stiff, high, fast wag can mean a dog is tense; dogs talk with their whole body, ears, tail, hackles, mouth and how they stand. **Who acts:** loose wide tail wag, stiff high fast wag, dog, dogs, studies · **What happens:** be, mean, talk, stand · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals talk» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (loose wide tail wag, stiff high fast wag, dog, dogs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:050-how-animals-talk.lesson:7 # text = A loose, wide tail wag is usually friendly, but a stiff, high, fast wag can mean a dog is tense; dogs talk with their whole body, ears, tail, hackles, mouth and how they stand. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 050-how-animals-talk.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 2 loose loose ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 3 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 4 wide wide ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 5 tail tail NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 compound _ _ 6 wag wag NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _ 7 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 cop _ _ 8 usually usually ADV RB _ 9 advmod _ _ 9 friendly friendly ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 11 but but CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=9:cc 12 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 13 stiff stiff ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 15 high high ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 17 fast fast ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 18 wag wag NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ _ 19 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 20 aux _ _ 20 mean mean VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 9 conj _ _ 21 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 dog dog NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=24:compound 23 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 cop _ _ 24 tense tense ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 ccomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=20:obj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 25 ; ; PUNCT : _ 27 punct _ _ 26 dogs dog NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 nsubj _ _ 27 talk talk VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 parataxis _ _ 28 with with ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 29 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 31 nmod:poss _ _ 30 whole whole ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 31 body body NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obl _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 33 ears ear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=31:appos 34 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 35 tail tail NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 conj _ _ 36 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 37 hackles hackles NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 conj _ _ 38 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 39 mouth mouth NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 conj _ _ 40 and and CCONJ CC _ 43 cc _ _ 41 how how ADV WRB PronType=Int 43 advmod _ _ 42 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 43 nsubj _ _ 43 stand stand VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 conj _ _ 44 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | a loose wide tail wag | | | | | friendly, usually *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **mean** | can | a stiff high fast wag | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **is** | present | a dog | | | | | tense *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **talk** | present | dogs | | | | | with studies's whole body and ears and tail and hackles and mouth | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with body=Co-Agent | | 5 | **stand** | present | studies *= study* | | | | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:050-how-animals-talk.lesson:7`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [How animals talk, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/50-how-animals-talk/6/) - next →: [How animals talk, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/50-how-animals-talk/8/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/50-how-animals-talk/)