--- title: A hoverfly is a harmless fly with wasp-like yellow and black stripes… — How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry · tree and pragmatics description: A hoverfly is a harmless fly with wasp-like yellow and black stripes; birds that have learned stripes mean a sting leave it alone, and this trick is called mimicry. Who acts: hoverfly, birds, sting. A sentence of the lesson «How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry» of the biology course of Mova's p --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/51-how-animals-hide/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/51-how-animals-hide/) / 11 # How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry, sentence 11 A hoverfly is a harmless fly with wasp-like yellow and black stripes; birds that have learned stripes mean a sting leave it alone, and this trick is called mimicry. **Who acts:** hoverfly, birds, sting · **What happens:** be, learn, mean, leave, call · **To what, where:** harmless fly, stripes, hoverfly, trick · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hoverfly, birds, sting), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:051-how-animals-hide.lesson:11 # text = A hoverfly is a harmless fly with wasp-like yellow and black stripes; birds that have learned stripes mean a sting leave it alone, and this trick is called mimicry. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 051-how-animals-hide.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 hoverfly hoverfly NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 harmless harmless ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 fly fly NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 7 with with ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 8 wasp wasp NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 compound _ _ 9 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 10 punct _ _ 10 like like ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 11 yellow yellow ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 13 black black ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 conj _ _ 14 stripes stripe NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nmod _ _ 15 ; ; PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 16 birds bird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 parataxis _ _ 17 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 19 nsubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=19:obj 18 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 aux _ _ 19 learned learn VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 16 acl:relcl _ _ 20 stripes stripe NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=21:nsubj 21 mean mean VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 ccomp _ _ 22 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 sting sting NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ _ 24 leave leave VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 21 ccomp _ _ 25 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 obj _ _ 26 alone alone ADV RB _ 24 advmod _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 29 this this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 30 det _ _ 30 trick trick NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nsubj:pass _ _ 31 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 32 aux:pass _ _ 32 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 6 parataxis _ _ 33 mimicry mimicry NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 xcomp _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | a hoverfly | a harmless fly | | | | with like yellow stripes | tree rules | | 2 | **learn** | present · perfect | birds | stripes | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **mean** | present | | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 4 | **leave** | infinitive | a sting | hoverfly | | | | alone *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | | 5 | **call** | present · passive | | this trick | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:051-how-animals-hide.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/51-how-animals-hide/10/) - next →: [How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/51-how-animals-hide/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/51-how-animals-hide/)