--- title: In smoky 1800s England, soot blackened tree trunks, so dark peppered… — How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry · tree and pragmatics description: In smoky 1800s England, soot blackened tree trunks, so dark peppered moths hid better, birds ate the pale ones they could see, and dark moths became common; when the air got cleaner the pale ones came back. Who acts: soot, dark peppered moths, birds, dark moths. A sentence of the lesson «How animals --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/51-how-animals-hide/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/51-how-animals-hide/) / 14 # How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry, sentence 14 In smoky 1800s England, soot blackened tree trunks, so dark peppered moths hid better, birds ate the pale ones they could see, and dark moths became common; when the air got cleaner the pale ones came back. **Who acts:** soot, dark peppered moths, birds, dark moths, air, pale ones · **What happens:** blacken, pepper, hide, eat, see, become · **To what, where:** tree trunks, pale ones, smoky 1800s This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (soot, dark peppered moths, birds, dark moths), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:051-how-animals-hide.lesson:14 # text = In smoky 1800s England, soot blackened tree trunks, so dark peppered moths hid better, birds ate the pale ones they could see, and dark moths became common; when the air got cleaner the pale ones came back. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 051-how-animals-hide.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2 1 In in ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 smoky smoky ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 1800s 1800 NOUN NNS Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card 19 obl _ _ 4 England England PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 appos _ _ 5 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 6 soot soot NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 7 blackened blacken VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 19 conj _ _ 8 tree tree NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 compound _ _ 9 trunks trunk NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obj _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 11 so so ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ 12 dark dark ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 13 peppered pepper VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 14 amod _ _ 14 moths moth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 nsubj _ _ 15 hid hide VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 19 conj _ _ 16 better well ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 15 advmod _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 18 birds bird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 nsubj _ _ 19 ate eat VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 21 pale pale ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=22:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 22 ones one NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obj _ _ 23 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 24 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 25 aux _ _ 25 see see VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 22 acl:relcl _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 28 dark dark ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 29 moths moth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 nsubj _ _ 30 became become VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 19 conj _ _ 31 common common ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 xcomp _ _ 32 ; ; PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 33 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 36 advmod _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 nsubj _ _ 36 got get VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 19 conj _ _ 37 cleaner clean ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 36 xcomp _ _ 38 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 39 pale pale ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 40 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=40:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 40 ones one NOUN NNS Number=Plur 41 nsubj _ _ 41 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 36 advcl _ _ 42 back back ADV RB _ 41 advmod _ _ 43 . . PUNCT . _ 19 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **blacken** | participle | soot | tree trunks | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent trunk=Patient | | 2 | **pepper** | participle | | | | | | | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **hide** | past | dark peppered moths | | | | | well *property* | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **eat** | past | birds | the pale ones | | smoky 1800s | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Patient | | 5 | **see** | could | birds *= bird* | the pale ones *not said here* | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer one=Stimulus | | 6 | **become** | past | dark moths | | | | | common *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | | 7 | **get** | past | the air | | | | | clean *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer | | 8 | **come back** | past | the pale ones | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:051-how-animals-hide.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/51-how-animals-hide/13/) - next →: [How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/51-how-animals-hide/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/51-how-animals-hide/)