---
title: Young swallowtail caterpillars look like shiny bird droppings, and o… — How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry · tree and pragmatics
description: Young swallowtail caterpillars look like shiny bird droppings, and older ones, too big to pass as a dropping, turn green with fake eye spots like a little snake. Who acts: Young swallowtail caterpillars. A sentence of the lesson «How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry» of the biology course of Mov
---

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# How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry, sentence 16

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Young swallowtail caterpillars look like shiny bird droppings, and older ones, too big to pass as a dropping, turn green with fake eye spots like a little snake.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Young swallowtail caterpillars · **What happens:** look, pass, turn

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This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Young swallowtail caterpillars), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:051-how-animals-hide.lesson:16
# text = Young swallowtail caterpillars look like shiny bird droppings, and older ones, too big to pass as a dropping, turn green with fake eye spots like a little snake.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 051-how-animals-hide.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	swallowtail	swallowtail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	caterpillars	caterpillar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	look	look	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	like	like	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	shiny	shiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	droppings	dropping	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	12	amod	_	_
12	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	too	too	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=12:acl
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	xcomp	_	_
18	as	as	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	dropping	dropping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	turn	turn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
23	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	xcomp	_	_
24	with	with	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	fake	fake	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
26	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
27	spots	spot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	_
28	like	like	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
29	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
30	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	snake	snake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=27:nmod
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: pos
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | present | Young swallowtail caterpillars |  |  |  |  | like shiny bird droppings and older ones | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive | Young swallowtail caterpillars *not said here* |  |  |  |  | as a dropping | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **turn** | infinitive | Young swallowtail caterpillars *not said here* |  |  |  |  | like a little snake; green *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:051-how-animals-hide.lesson:16`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/51-how-animals-hide/15/)
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