--- title: A kingfisher dives head first with very little splash, and Japan's b… — How animals hunt · tree and pragmatics description: A kingfisher dives head first with very little splash, and Japan's bullet train nose was redesigned to copy its bill, making it quieter in tunnels; water bends light, so a fish looks to be in a slightly different place from where it really is, and a kingfisher learns to aim right. Who acts: kingfish --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/52-how-animals-hunt/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [How animals hunt](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/52-how-animals-hunt/) / 10 # How animals hunt, sentence 10 A kingfisher dives head first with very little splash, and Japan's bullet train nose was redesigned to copy its bill, making it quieter in tunnels; water bends light, so a fish looks to be in a slightly different place from where it really is, and a kingfisher learns to aim right. **Who acts:** kingfisher, water, fish, nose · **What happens:** dive, redesign, copy, make, bend, look · **To what, where:** head, train nose, bill, light, different place This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals hunt» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (kingfisher, water, fish, nose), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:052-how-animals-hunt.lesson:10 # text = A kingfisher dives head first with very little splash, and Japan's bullet train nose was redesigned to copy its bill, making it quieter in tunnels; water bends light, so a fish looks to be in a slightly different place from where it really is, and a kingfisher learns to aim right. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 052-how-animals-hunt.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 kingfisher kingfisher NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 dives dive VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 head head NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 5 first first ADV RB NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 3 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:advmod 6 with with ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 7 very very ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _ 8 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 splash splash NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 12 Japan Japan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 16 nmod:poss _ _ 13 's 's PART POS _ 12 case _ _ 14 bullet bullet NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 compound _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=16:compound 15 train train NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 compound _ _ 16 nose nose NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ _ 17 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 18 aux:pass _ _ 18 redesigned redesign VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 conj _ _ 19 to to PART TO _ 20 mark _ _ 20 copy copy VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 18 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=18:xcomp 21 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ _ 22 bill bill NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obj _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 24 making make VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 20 advcl _ _ 25 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 obj _ _ 26 quieter quiet ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 24 xcomp _ _ 27 in in ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 tunnels tunnel NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 obl _ _ 29 ; ; PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 30 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nsubj _ _ 31 bends bend VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 32 light light NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obj _ _ 33 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 34 so so ADV RB _ 37 advmod _ _ 35 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 36 fish fish NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 nsubj _ _ 37 looks look VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 conj _ _ 38 to to PART TO _ 44 mark _ _ 39 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 44 cop _ _ 40 in in ADP IN _ 44 case _ _ 41 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 44 det _ _ 42 slightly slightly ADV RB _ 43 advmod _ _ 43 different different ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 44 amod _ _ 44 place place NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=37:advcl 45 from from ADP IN _ 46 case _ _ 46 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 49 advmod _ _ 47 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 49 nsubj _ _ 48 really really ADV RB _ 49 advmod _ _ 49 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 44 acl:relcl _ _ 50 , , PUNCT , _ 54 punct _ _ 51 and and CCONJ CC _ 54 cc _ _ 52 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 53 det _ _ 53 kingfisher kingfisher NOUN NN Number=Sing 54 nsubj _ _ 54 learns learn VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 55 to to PART TO _ 56 mark _ _ 56 aim aim VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 54 xcomp _ _ 57 right right ADV RB _ 56 advmod _ _ 58 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **dive** | present | a kingfisher | head | | | | with little splash; first *property* | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location head=Theme | | 2 | **redesign** | past · passive | | Japan's train nose | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **copy** | to-infinitive | | nose's bill | | | | | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bill=Theme | | 4 | **make** | gerund | | bill | | | | quiet *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product | | 5 | **bend** | present | water | light | | | | | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent light=Material | | 6 | **look** | present | a fish | | | | | | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | | 7 | **is** | to-infinitive | a fish *not said here* | | | a different place | | | tree rules | | 8 | **learn** | present | a kingfisher | | | | | | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 9 | **aim** | to-infinitive | a kingfisher *not said here* | | | | | right *property* | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot | | 10 | **bill** | | nose | | | | | | nom bill «communication transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:052-how-animals-hunt.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [How animals hunt, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/52-how-animals-hunt/9/) - next →: [How animals hunt, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/52-how-animals-hunt/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/52-how-animals-hunt/)