--- title: Grey wolves hunt in family packs, chasing deer, elk or moose over lo… — How animals hunt · tree and pragmatics description: Grey wolves hunt in family packs, chasing deer, elk or moose over long distances; they are built for stamina rather than speed, and they often pick out a young, old or sick animal that will tire first and is less likely to hurt them. Who acts: Grey wolves, wolves, young old animal. A sentence of the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/52-how-animals-hunt/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [How animals hunt](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/52-how-animals-hunt/) / 14 # How animals hunt, sentence 14 Grey wolves hunt in family packs, chasing deer, elk or moose over long distances; they are built for stamina rather than speed, and they often pick out a young, old or sick animal that will tire first and is less likely to hurt them. **Who acts:** Grey wolves, wolves, young old animal · **What happens:** hunt, chase, build, pick out, tire, be · **To what, where:** family packs, deer, wolves, young old animal This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals hunt» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Grey wolves, wolves, young old animal), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:052-how-animals-hunt.lesson:14 # text = Grey wolves hunt in family packs, chasing deer, elk or moose over long distances; they are built for stamina rather than speed, and they often pick out a young, old or sick animal that will tire first and is less likely to hurt them. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 052-how-animals-hunt.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Grey grey ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 wolves wolf NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 hunt hunt VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 in in ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 family family NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 compound _ _ 6 packs pack NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 8 chasing chase VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 3 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:acl 9 deer deer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obj _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 11 elk elk NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 conj _ _ 12 or or CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 13 moose moose NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 conj _ _ 14 over over ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ _ 15 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 16 distances distance NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obl _ _ 17 ; ; PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=3:punct 18 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj:pass _ _ 19 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 aux:pass _ _ 20 built build VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 21 for for ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 stamina stamina NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl _ _ 23 rather rather ADV RB ExtPos=CCONJ 25 cc _ _ 24 than than ADP IN _ 23 fixed _ _ 25 speed speed NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 conj _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 28 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 nsubj _ _ 29 often often ADV RB _ 30 advmod _ _ 30 pick pick VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 31 out out ADP RP _ 30 compound:prt _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=30:compound:prt|HaikuPos=PART:RP:_ 32 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 33 young young ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 38 amod _ _ 34 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 35 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 38 amod _ _ 36 or or CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 37 sick sick ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 conj _ _ 38 animal animal NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obj _ _ 39 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 41 nsubj _ _ 40 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 41 aux _ _ 41 tire tire VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 38 acl:relcl _ _ 42 first first ADV RB Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 41 advmod _ _ 43 and and CCONJ CC _ 46 cc _ _ 44 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 46 cop _ _ 45 less less ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 46 advmod _ _ 46 likely likely ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 41 conj _ _ 47 to to PART TO _ 48 mark _ _ 48 hurt hurt VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 46 xcomp _ _ 49 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 48 obj _ _ 50 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **hunt** | present | Grey wolves | | | family packs | | | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent in pack=Location | | 2 | **chase** | gerund | Grey wolves *not said here* | deer and elk or moose | | | | long distances *obl* | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent deer=Theme | | 3 | **build** | present · passive | | wolves *= wolf* | | | | for stamina rather speed | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: subject=Product for stamina=Asset | | 4 | **pick out** | present | wolves *= wolf* | a young old animal | | | | often *property* | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Patient | | 5 | **tire** | future | a young old animal | | | | | first *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | | 6 | **is** | present | a young old animal *not said here* | | | | | less, likely *property* | tree rules | | 7 | **hurt** | to-infinitive | a young old animal *not said here* | wolves *= wolf* | | | | | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:052-how-animals-hunt.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [How animals hunt, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/52-how-animals-hunt/13/) - next →: [How animals hunt, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/52-how-animals-hunt/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/52-how-animals-hunt/)