--- title: Some dolphins and humpback whales blow a ring of bubbles round a sho… — How animals hunt · tree and pragmatics description: Some dolphins and humpback whales blow a ring of bubbles round a shoal so the fish, which will not swim through bubbles, bunch up inside, and dolphins also find fish by echolocation. Who acts: dolphins, fish. A sentence of the lesson «How animals hunt» of the biology course of Mova's primary school --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/52-how-animals-hunt/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [How animals hunt](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/52-how-animals-hunt/) / 15 # How animals hunt, sentence 15 Some dolphins and humpback whales blow a ring of bubbles round a shoal so the fish, which will not swim through bubbles, bunch up inside, and dolphins also find fish by echolocation. **Who acts:** dolphins, fish · **What happens:** blow, not swim, bunch up, find · **To what, where:** ring, bubbles, fish This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals hunt» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dolphins, fish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:052-how-animals-hunt.lesson:15 # text = Some dolphins and humpback whales blow a ring of bubbles round a shoal so the fish, which will not swim through bubbles, bunch up inside, and dolphins also find fish by echolocation. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 052-how-animals-hunt.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 Some some DET DT PronType=Ind 2 det _ _ 2 dolphins dolphin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ _ 3 and and CCONJ CC _ 5 cc _ _ 4 humpback humpback NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 compound _ _ 5 whales whale NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 conj _ _ 6 blow blow VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 ring ring NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obj _ _ 9 of of ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 bubbles bubble NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 nmod _ _ 11 round round ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 shoal shoal NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=10:nmod 14 so so SCONJ IN _ 25 mark _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 fish fish NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 18 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 21 nsubj _ _ 19 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 21 aux _ _ 20 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 21 advmod _ _ 21 swim swim VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 16 acl:relcl _ _ 22 through through ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 bubbles bubble NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obl _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 25 bunch bunch VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 6 advcl _ _ 26 up up ADP RP _ 25 compound:prt _ _ 27 inside inside ADV RB _ 25 advmod _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 30 dolphins dolphin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 nsubj _ _ 31 also also ADV RB _ 32 advmod _ _ 32 find find VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=6:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 33 fish fish NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=32:obj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur 34 by by ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 35 echolocation echolocation NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obl _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **blow** | present | some dolphins and humpback whales | a ring of bubbles | | | | round a shoal | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent ring=Patient | | 2 | **not** **swim** | future | the fish | | | bubbles | | | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through bubble=Trajectory | | 3 | **bunch up** | infinitive | the fish | | | | | inside *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **find** | present | dolphins | fish | | | | by echolocation | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:052-how-animals-hunt.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [How animals hunt, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/52-how-animals-hunt/14/) - next →: [How animals hunt, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/52-how-animals-hunt/16/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/52-how-animals-hunt/)