--- title: A praying mantis waits without moving, then grabs insects with spiky… — How animals hunt · tree and pragmatics description: A praying mantis waits without moving, then grabs insects with spiky front legs in less than a tenth of a second, and it can turn its head to look over its shoulder. Who acts: praying mantis, it. A sentence of the lesson «How animals hunt» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its depe --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/52-how-animals-hunt/17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [How animals hunt](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/52-how-animals-hunt/) / 17 # How animals hunt, sentence 17 A praying mantis waits without moving, then grabs insects with spiky front legs in less than a tenth of a second, and it can turn its head to look over its shoulder. **Who acts:** praying mantis, it · **What happens:** pray, wait, move, grab, turn, look · **To what, where:** insects, tenth, head This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals hunt» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (praying mantis, it), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:052-how-animals-hunt.lesson:17 # text = A praying mantis waits without moving, then grabs insects with spiky front legs in less than a tenth of a second, and it can turn its head to look over its shoulder. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 052-how-animals-hunt.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 praying pray VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 3 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 3 mantis mantis NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 waits wait VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 without without SCONJ IN _ 6 mark _ _ 6 moving move VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 4 advcl _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=10:punct 8 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 9 advmod _ _ 9 grabs grab VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 10 insects insect NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obj _ _ 11 with with ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 12 spiky spiky ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 13 front front ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 legs leg NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obl _ _ 15 in in ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 16 less less ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV 19 advmod _ _ 17 than than ADP IN _ 16 fixed _ _ 18 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 tenth tenth NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ _ 20 of of ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 second second NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nmod _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 25 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nsubj _ _ 26 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 27 aux _ _ 27 turn turn VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=9:conj 28 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ _ 29 head head NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obj _ _ 30 to to PART TO _ 31 mark _ _ 31 look look VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 27 advcl _ _ 32 over over ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 34 nmod:poss _ _ 34 shoulder shoulder NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obl _ _ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **pray** | gerund | | | | | | | vn long-32.2 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Pivot | | 2 | **wait** | present | a praying mantis | | | | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **move** | gerund | a praying mantis *not said here* | | | | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **grab** | present | a praying mantis *not said here* | insects | | a tenth of a second | then | with spiky front legs | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Theme | | 5 | **turn** | can | it | mantis's head | | | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V ADJ.result»: agent=Theme head=Result | | 6 | **look** | to-infinitive | | | | | | over mantis's shoulder | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent over shoulder=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:052-how-animals-hunt.lesson:17`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [How animals hunt, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/52-how-animals-hunt/16/) - next →: [How animals defend themselves, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/53-how-animals-defend-themselves/0/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/52-how-animals-hunt/)