---
title: Most hunts fail, even for lions, so hunters must be clever with thei… — How animals hunt · tree and pragmatics
description: Most hunts fail, even for lions, so hunters must be clever with their energy: a cheetah can only sprint for a few seconds, and a python can wait for days because it needs to eat only every few weeks. Who acts: Most hunts, hunters, cheetah, python. A sentence of the lesson «How animals hunt» of the b
---

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# How animals hunt, sentence 3

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Most hunts fail, even for lions, so hunters must be clever with their energy: a cheetah can only sprint for a few seconds, and a python can wait for days because it needs to eat only every few weeks.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Most hunts, hunters, cheetah, python · **What happens:** fail, be, sprint, wait, need, eat

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals hunt» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Most hunts, hunters, cheetah, python), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:052-how-animals-hunt.lesson:3
# text = Most hunts fail, even for lions, so hunters must be clever with their energy: a cheetah can only sprint for a few seconds, and a python can wait for days because it needs to eat only every few weeks.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 052-how-animals-hunt.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	2	amod	_	_
2	hunts	hunt	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	fail	fail	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	even	even	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	lions	lion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	so	so	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
10	hunters	hunter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
11	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	cop	_	_
13	clever	clever	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	cheetah	cheetah	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
20	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
21	only	only	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	sprint	sprint	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	parataxis	_	_
23	for	for	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	seconds	second	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl	_	_
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
29	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	python	python	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nsubj	_	_
31	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	32	aux	_	_
32	wait	wait	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	conj	_	_
33	for	for	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	obl	_	_
35	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	37	mark	_	_
36	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	37	nsubj	_	_
37	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	advcl	_	_
38	to	to	PART	TO	_	39	mark	_	_
39	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	37	xcomp	_	_
40	only	only	ADV	RB	_	43	advmod	_	_
41	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	43	det	_	_
42	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	43	amod	_	_
43	weeks	week	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	obl:unmarked	_	_
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fail** | present | Most hunts |  |  |  |  | for lions | vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | must | hunters |  |  |  |  | with hunts's energy; clever *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **sprint** | can | a cheetah |  |  |  | second |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **wait** | can | a python |  |  |  | day |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **need** | present | cheetah |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 6 | **eat** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | cheetah *not said here* |  |  |  | week |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:052-how-animals-hunt.lesson:3`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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