--- title: A cheetah can reach about 100 km per hour, faster than any other lan… — How animals hunt · tree and pragmatics description: A cheetah can reach about 100 km per hour, faster than any other land animal, but only for about 20 to 30 seconds before it overheats and must rest; while it lies panting, hyenas or lions often steal its catch. Who acts: cheetah, hyenas. A sentence of the lesson «How animals hunt» of the biology cou --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/52-how-animals-hunt/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [How animals hunt](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/52-how-animals-hunt/) / 5 # How animals hunt, sentence 5 A cheetah can reach about 100 km per hour, faster than any other land animal, but only for about 20 to 30 seconds before it overheats and must rest; while it lies panting, hyenas or lions often steal its catch. **Who acts:** cheetah, hyenas · **What happens:** reach, overheat, rest, lie, pant, steal · **To what, where:** 100 km, catch This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals hunt» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cheetah, hyenas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:052-how-animals-hunt.lesson:5 # text = A cheetah can reach about 100 km per hour, faster than any other land animal, but only for about 20 to 30 seconds before it overheats and must rest; while it lies panting, hyenas or lions often steal its catch. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 052-how-animals-hunt.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 cheetah cheetah NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 3 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 4 reach reach VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 5 about about ADV RB _ 6 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=7:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 6 100 100 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 7 nummod _ _ 7 km km NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:obl|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 8 per per ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 hour hour NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 11 faster fast ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 4 parataxis _ _ 12 than than ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 13 any any DET DT PronType=Ind 16 det _ _ 14 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 15 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 compound _ _ 16 animal animal NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 18 but but CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 19 only only ADV RB _ 22 advmod _ _ 20 for for ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 about about ADV RB _ 22 advmod _ _ 22 20 20 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 25 nummod _ _ 23 to to ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 30 30 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 22 nmod _ _ 25 seconds second NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 obl:unmarked _ _ 26 before before SCONJ IN _ 28 mark _ _ 27 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj _ _ 28 overheats overheat VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 advcl _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 30 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 31 aux _ _ 31 rest rest VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 28 conj _ _ 32 ; ; PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 33 while while SCONJ IN _ 35 mark _ _ 34 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 nsubj _ _ 35 lies lie VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 36 panting pant VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 35 xcomp _ _ 37 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 38 hyenas hyena NOUN NNS Number=Plur 42 nsubj _ _ 39 or or CCONJ CC _ 40 cc _ _ 40 lions lion NOUN NNS Number=Plur 38 conj _ _ 41 often often ADV RB _ 42 advmod _ _ 42 steal steal VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 35 parataxis _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=35:parataxis|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 43 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 44 nmod:poss _ _ 44 catch catch NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 obj _ _ 45 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **reach** | can | a cheetah | 100 km | | | per hour | | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent km=Theme | | 2 | **overheat** | present | cheetah | | | | second | | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **rest** | must | cheetah *not said here* | | | | | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **lie** | present | cheetah | | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **pant** | gerund | cheetah *not said here* | | | | | | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **steal** | present | hyenas or lions | lion's catch | | | | often *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location catch=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:052-how-animals-hunt.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [How animals hunt, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/52-how-animals-hunt/4/) - next →: [How animals hunt, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/52-how-animals-hunt/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/52-how-animals-hunt/)