--- title: A chameleon's tongue shoots out to about twice its body length in a… — How animals hunt · tree and pragmatics description: A chameleon's tongue shoots out to about twice its body length in a fraction of a second, released like a stretched elastic band, with a sticky cup at the tip. Who acts: tongue. A sentence of the lesson «How animals hunt» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and th --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/52-how-animals-hunt/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [How animals hunt](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/52-how-animals-hunt/) / 9 # How animals hunt, sentence 9 A chameleon's tongue shoots out to about twice its body length in a fraction of a second, released like a stretched elastic band, with a sticky cup at the tip. **Who acts:** tongue · **What happens:** shoot out, release, stretch · **To what, where:** fraction This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals hunt» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tongue), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:052-how-animals-hunt.lesson:9 # text = A chameleon's tongue shoots out to about twice its body length in a fraction of a second, released like a stretched elastic band, with a sticky cup at the tip. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 052-how-animals-hunt.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×6, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 chameleon chameleon NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nmod:poss _ _ 3 's 's PART POS _ 2 case _ _ 4 tongue tongue NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 5 shoots shoot VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 out out ADV RB _ 5 compound:prt _ _ 7 to to ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 8 about about ADV RB _ 9 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=12:advmod 9 twice twice ADV RB NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult 12 advmod _ _ 10 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ _ 11 body body NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 compound _ _ 12 length length NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ 13 in in ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 fraction fraction NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ 16 of of ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 17 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=25:det 18 second second ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 15 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=25:amod 19 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 20 released release VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=25:amod 21 like like ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 22 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 23 stretched stretch VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 25 amod _ _ 24 elastic elastic ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=25:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 25 band band NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=15:nmod 26 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 27 with with ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 28 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 29 sticky sticky ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 amod _ _ 30 cup cup NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=5:obl 31 at at ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 tip tip NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 nmod _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **shoot out** | present | a chameleon's tongue | | | a fraction a second | | to tongue's body length | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent to length=Destination | | 2 | **release** | participle | a chameleon's tongue *not said here* | | | | | of a stretched elastic band; with a sticky cup at the tip | vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Causer of band=Theme | | 3 | **stretch** | participle | | | | | | | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:052-how-animals-hunt.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×6, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [How animals hunt, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/52-how-animals-hunt/8/) - next →: [How animals hunt, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/52-how-animals-hunt/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/52-how-animals-hunt/)