--- title: A peacock butterfly suddenly flashes four big eye spots, which start… — How animals defend themselves · tree and pragmatics description: A peacock butterfly suddenly flashes four big eye spots, which startle a bird before it can think, and even hisses; in experiments, birds were much more scared of butterflies whose eye spots were not painted over. Who acts: peacock butterfly, four big eye spots, butterfly, birds. A sentence of the l --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/53-how-animals-defend-themselves/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [How animals defend themselves](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/53-how-animals-defend-themselves/) / 15 # How animals defend themselves, sentence 15 A peacock butterfly suddenly flashes four big eye spots, which startle a bird before it can think, and even hisses; in experiments, birds were much more scared of butterflies whose eye spots were not painted over. **Who acts:** peacock butterfly, four big eye spots, butterfly, birds · **What happens:** flash, startle, think, hiss, be, not paint over · **To what, where:** four big eye spots, bird, experiments, eye spots This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals defend themselves» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (peacock butterfly, four big eye spots, butterfly, birds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:053-how-animals-defend-themselves.lesson:15 # text = A peacock butterfly suddenly flashes four big eye spots, which startle a bird before it can think, and even hisses; in experiments, birds were much more scared of butterflies whose eye spots were not painted over. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 053-how-animals-defend-themselves.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 peacock peacock NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 butterfly butterfly NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 4 suddenly suddenly ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 5 flashes flash VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 four four NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 9 nummod _ _ 7 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 8 eye eye NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 compound _ _ 9 spots spot NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obj _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 11 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 12 nsubj _ _ 12 startle startle VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 acl:relcl _ _ 13 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 bird bird NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obj _ _ 15 before before SCONJ IN _ 18 mark _ _ 16 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ _ 17 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 18 aux _ _ 18 think think VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 12 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=5:advcl 19 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 21 even even ADV RB _ 22 advmod _ _ 22 hisses hiss VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 23 ; ; PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 24 in in ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 experiments experiment NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 obl _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 27 birds bird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 nsubj _ _ 28 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 31 cop _ _ 29 much much ADV RB _ 30 advmod _ _ 30 more more ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 31 advmod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=31:advmod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJR:Degree=Cmp 31 scared scared ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 ccomp _ _ 32 of of ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 butterflies butterfly NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 obl _ _ 34 whose whose PRON WP$ Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel 36 nmod:poss _ _ 35 eye eye NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 compound _ _ 36 spots spot NOUN NNS Number=Plur 39 nsubj:pass _ _ 37 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 39 aux:pass _ _ 38 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 39 advmod _ _ 39 painted paint VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 33 acl:relcl _ _ 40 over over ADV RB _ 39 advmod _ _ 41 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **flash** | present | a peacock butterfly | four big eye spots | | | | suddenly *property* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent spot=Theme | | 2 | **startle** | present | four big eye spots | a bird | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus bird=Experiencer | | 3 | **think** *speech: other* | can | butterfly | | | | | | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **hiss** | present | a peacock butterfly *not said here* | | | | | | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **is** | past | birds | | | experiments | | of butterflies; scared *property* | tree rules | | 6 | **not** **paint over** | past · passive | | eye spots | | | | over *property* | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: subject=Destination | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:053-how-animals-defend-themselves.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [How animals defend themselves, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/53-how-animals-defend-themselves/13/) - next →: [How animals defend themselves, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/53-how-animals-defend-themselves/16/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/53-how-animals-defend-themselves/)