--- title: Porcupines raise and rattle barbed quills and back into an attacker;… — How animals defend themselves · tree and pragmatics description: Porcupines raise and rattle barbed quills and back into an attacker; they cannot shoot their quills, but the quills come off easily and grow back. Who acts: Porcupines, quills. A sentence of the lesson «How animals defend themselves» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/53-how-animals-defend-themselves/6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [How animals defend themselves](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/53-how-animals-defend-themselves/) / 6 # How animals defend themselves, sentence 6 Porcupines raise and rattle barbed quills and back into an attacker; they cannot shoot their quills, but the quills come off easily and grow back. **Who acts:** Porcupines, quills · **What happens:** raise, rattle, barb, not shoot, come off, grow back · **To what, where:** barbed quills, quills This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals defend themselves» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Porcupines, quills), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:053-how-animals-defend-themselves.lesson:6 # text = Porcupines raise and rattle barbed quills and back into an attacker; they cannot shoot their quills, but the quills come off easily and grow back. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 053-how-animals-defend-themselves.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Porcupines porcupine NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 raise raise VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 and and CCONJ CC _ 4 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=2:cc 4 rattle rattle VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 5 barbed barb VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 6 amod _ _ 6 quills quill NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obj _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=11:cc 8 back back ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ _ 9 into into ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 attacker attacker NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 conj _ _ 12 ; ; PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 13 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ _ 14 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 16 aux _ _ 15 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 16 advmod _ _ 16 shoot shoot VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 parataxis _ _ 17 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ _ 18 quills quill NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obj _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 20 but but CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 quills quill NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ _ 23 come come VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=16:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 24 off off ADV RB _ 23 compound:prt _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=25:advmod 25 easily easily ADV RB _ 23 advmod _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 27 grow grow VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 23 conj _ _ 28 back back ADV RB _ 27 advmod _ _ 29 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **raise** | present | Porcupines | | | | | | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **rattle** | present | Porcupines *not said here* | barbed quills | | | | | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent quill=Theme | | 3 | **barb** | participle | | | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **not** **shoot** | can | Porcupines *= porcupine* | Porcupines's quills | | | | | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent quill=Theme | | 5 | **come off** | present | the quills | | | | | easily *property* | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **grow back** | infinitive | the quills *not said here* | | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:053-how-animals-defend-themselves.lesson:6`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [How animals defend themselves, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/53-how-animals-defend-themselves/5/) - next →: [How animals defend themselves, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/53-how-animals-defend-themselves/7/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/53-how-animals-defend-themselves/)