--- title: A pufferfish gulps water into a stretchy stomach and swells to sever… — How animals defend themselves · tree and pragmatics description: A pufferfish gulps water into a stretchy stomach and swells to several times its size; puffing up is stressful, so it only does it when it must. Who acts: pufferfish, puffing. A sentence of the lesson «How animals defend themselves» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/53-how-animals-defend-themselves/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [How animals defend themselves](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/53-how-animals-defend-themselves/) / 9 # How animals defend themselves, sentence 9 A pufferfish gulps water into a stretchy stomach and swells to several times its size; puffing up is stressful, so it only does it when it must. **Who acts:** pufferfish, puffing · **What happens:** gulp, swell, puff up, be, do · **To what, where:** water, stretchy stomach, size This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals defend themselves» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (pufferfish, puffing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:053-how-animals-defend-themselves.lesson:9 # text = A pufferfish gulps water into a stretchy stomach and swells to several times its size; puffing up is stressful, so it only does it when it must. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 053-how-animals-defend-themselves.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 pufferfish pufferfish NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 gulps gulp VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 5 into into ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 7 stretchy stretchy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 stomach stomach NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 10 swells swell VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 11 to to ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 several several ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 13 times time NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obl:unmarked _ _ 14 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ _ 15 size size NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=13:nmod:unmarked 16 ; ; PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 17 puffing puff VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 20 csubj _ _ 18 up up ADP RP _ 17 compound:prt _ _ 19 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 cop _ _ 20 stressful stressful ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 parataxis _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 22 so so ADV RB _ 25 advmod _ _ 23 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 24 only only ADV RB _ 25 advmod _ _ 25 does do VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 26 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 obj _ _ 27 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 29 advmod _ _ 28 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nsubj _ _ 29 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 25 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=25:aux 30 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **gulp** | present | a pufferfish | water | | a stretchy stomach | | | vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient | | 2 | **swell** | present | a pufferfish *not said here* | pufferfish's size | | | time | | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | | 3 | **puff up** | gerund | | | | | | | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source | | 4 | **is** | present | puffing | | | | | stressful *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **do** | present | pufferfish | water | | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:053-how-animals-defend-themselves.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [How animals defend themselves, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/53-how-animals-defend-themselves/8/) - next →: [How animals defend themselves, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/53-how-animals-defend-themselves/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/53-how-animals-defend-themselves/)