--- title: Migrating birds use the Sun, the stars, landmarks, smells and Earth'… — Migration: the great journeys · tree and pragmatics description: Migrating birds use the Sun, the stars, landmarks, smells and Earth's magnetism; a bird using the Sun has an inner clock that tells it where the Sun should be at each hour, and experiments in a planetarium showed birds steering by the stars around the North Star. Who acts: Migrating birds, bird, inn --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/54-migration-the-great-journeys/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Migration: the great journeys](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/54-migration-the-great-journeys/) / 13 # Migration: the great journeys, sentence 13 Migrating birds use the Sun, the stars, landmarks, smells and Earth's magnetism; a bird using the Sun has an inner clock that tells it where the Sun should be at each hour, and experiments in a planetarium showed birds steering by the stars around the North Star. **Who acts:** Migrating birds, bird, inner clock, Sun, experiments, birds · **What happens:** migrate, use, have, tell, be, show · **To what, where:** Sun, inner clock, clock, birds, North Star · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Migration: the great journeys» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Migrating birds, bird, inner clock, Sun), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:054-migration-the-great-journeys.lesson:13 # text = Migrating birds use the Sun, the stars, landmarks, smells and Earth's magnetism; a bird using the Sun has an inner clock that tells it where the Sun should be at each hour, and experiments in a planetarium showed birds steering by the stars around the North Star. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 054-migration-the-great-journeys.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×2, R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Migrating migrate VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 2 amod _ _ 2 birds bird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 use use VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 Sun Sun PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 stars star NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 conj _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 10 landmarks landmark NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 conj _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 12 smells smell NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 conj _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 14 Earth Earth PROPN NNP Number=Sing 16 nmod:poss _ _ 15 's 's PART POS _ 14 case _ _ 16 magnetism magnetism NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 conj _ _ 17 ; ; PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=3:punct 18 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 bird bird NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ _ 20 using use VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 19 acl _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 Sun Sun PROPN NNP Number=Sing 20 obj _ _ 23 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 24 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 25 inner inner ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ _ 26 clock clock NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obj _ _ 27 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 28 nsubj _ _ 28 tells tell VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 acl:relcl _ _ 29 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 obj _ _ 30 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 37 advmod _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 Sun Sun PROPN NNP Number=Sing 37 nsubj _ _ 33 should should AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 37 aux _ _ 34 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 37 cop _ _ 35 at at ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 36 each each DET DT PronType=Tot 37 det _ _ 37 hour hour NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 ccomp _ _ 38 , , PUNCT , _ 44 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=23:punct 39 and and CCONJ CC _ 44 cc _ _ 40 experiments experiment NOUN NNS Number=Plur 44 nsubj _ _ 41 in in ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 42 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 43 det _ _ 43 planetarium planetarium NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 nmod _ _ 44 showed show VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=23:conj 45 birds bird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 44 obj _ _ 46 steering steer VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 45 acl _ _ 47 by by ADP IN _ 49 case _ _ 48 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 49 det _ _ 49 stars star NOUN NNS Number=Plur 46 obl _ _ 50 around around ADP IN _ 53 case _ _ 51 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 53 det _ _ 52 North North PROPN NNP Number=Sing 53 compound _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=53:amod 53 Star Star PROPN NNP Number=Sing 46 obl _ _ 54 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **migrate** | gerund | | | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **use** | present | Migrating birds | the Sun and the stars and landmarks and smells and Earth's magnetism | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sun=Patient | | 3 | **use** | gerund | a bird *not said here* | the Sun | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sun=Patient | | 4 | **have** | present | a bird | a inner clock | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clock=Patient | | 5 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | a inner clock | | clock | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Recipient | | 6 | **is** | should | the Sun | | | | at each hour | | tree rules | | 7 | **show** | past | experiments in a planetarium | | birds | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent bird=Recipient | | 8 | **steer** | gerund | birds *not said here* | | | the North Star | | by the stars | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent by star=Destination | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:054-migration-the-great-journeys.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×2, R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Migration: the great journeys, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/54-migration-the-great-journeys/12/) - next →: [Migration: the great journeys, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/54-migration-the-great-journeys/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/54-migration-the-great-journeys/)