--- title: Bright city lights can pull night-flying birds off course until they… — Migration: the great journeys · tree and pragmatics description: Bright city lights can pull night-flying birds off course until they tire out or hit glass, and some cities dim their lights in migration season to save them. Who acts: city lights, birds, cities. A sentence of the lesson «Migration: the great journeys» of the biology course of Mova's primary school --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/54-migration-the-great-journeys/16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Migration: the great journeys](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/54-migration-the-great-journeys/) / 16 # Migration: the great journeys, sentence 16 Bright city lights can pull night-flying birds off course until they tire out or hit glass, and some cities dim their lights in migration season to save them. **Who acts:** city lights, birds, cities · **What happens:** pull, fly, tire out, hit, dim, save · **To what, where:** flying birds, glass, lights, birds This is a sentence of the lesson «Migration: the great journeys» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (city lights, birds, cities), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:054-migration-the-great-journeys.lesson:16 # text = Bright city lights can pull night-flying birds off course until they tire out or hit glass, and some cities dim their lights in migration season to save them. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 054-migration-the-great-journeys.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Bright bright ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 city city NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 lights light NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 4 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 5 aux _ _ 5 pull pull VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 6 night night NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 compound _ _ 7 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 8 punct _ _ 8 flying fly VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 9 amod _ _ 9 birds bird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obj _ _ 10 off off ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ _ 11 course course NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl:unmarked _ _ 12 until until SCONJ IN _ 14 mark _ _ 13 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nsubj _ _ 14 tire tire VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 advcl _ _ 15 out out ADP RP _ 14 compound:prt _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=14:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_ 16 or or CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 17 hit hit VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=14:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 18 glass glass NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obj _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 21 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 22 det _ _ 22 cities city NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ _ 23 dim dim VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 24 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ _ 25 lights light NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obj _ _ 26 in in ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 migration migration NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 compound _ _ 28 season season NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=25:nmod 29 to to PART TO _ 30 mark _ _ 30 save save VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 23 advcl _ _ 31 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 obj _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **pull** | can | city lights | flying birds | | | | course *obl:unmarked* | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP ADJP-Result»: agent=Agent bird=Result | | 2 | **fly** | gerund | | | | | | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **tire out** | present | birds *= bird* | | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | | 4 | **hit** | present | birds *= bird* *not said here* | glass | | | | | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme glass=Co-Theme | | 5 | **dim** | present | some cities | birds's lights | | | season | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent light=Patient | | 6 | **save** | to-infinitive | some cities *not said here* | birds *= bird* | | | | | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | | 7 | **light** | | birds *= bird* | | | | | | nom light «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:054-migration-the-great-journeys.lesson:16`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Migration: the great journeys, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/54-migration-the-great-journeys/15/) - next →: [Migration: the great journeys, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/54-migration-the-great-journeys/17/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/54-migration-the-great-journeys/)