--- title: Animals find the way with a whole toolbox: the Sun by day, the stars… — Migration: the great journeys · tree and pragmatics description: Animals find the way with a whole toolbox: the Sun by day, the stars by night, coastlines and rivers, smells, and the Earth's magnetism, and a young cuckoo flies to Africa alone without ever having met its parents. Who acts: Animals, young cuckoo. A sentence of the lesson «Migration: the great journ --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/54-migration-the-great-journeys/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Migration: the great journeys](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/54-migration-the-great-journeys/) / 2 # Migration: the great journeys, sentence 2 Animals find the way with a whole toolbox: the Sun by day, the stars by night, coastlines and rivers, smells, and the Earth's magnetism, and a young cuckoo flies to Africa alone without ever having met its parents. **Who acts:** Animals, young cuckoo · **What happens:** find, fly, meet · **To what, where:** way, Africa, parents This is a sentence of the lesson «Migration: the great journeys» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Animals, young cuckoo), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:054-migration-the-great-journeys.lesson:2 # text = Animals find the way with a whole toolbox: the Sun by day, the stars by night, coastlines and rivers, smells, and the Earth's magnetism, and a young cuckoo flies to Africa alone without ever having met its parents. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 054-migration-the-great-journeys.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 find find VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 5 with with ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 7 whole whole ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 toolbox toolbox NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 9 : : PUNCT : _ 11 punct _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 Sun Sun PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 nmod _ _ 12 by by ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nmod _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 stars star NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=11:parataxis 17 by by ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 night night NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=8:nmod 19 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 20 coastlines coastline NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 appos _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 22 rivers river NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 conj _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 24 smells smell NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 conj _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 Earth Earth PROPN NNP Number=Sing 30 nmod:poss _ _ 29 's 's PART POS _ 28 case _ _ 30 magnetism magnetism NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 conj _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 33 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 34 young young ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 amod _ _ 35 cuckoo cuckoo NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 nsubj _ _ 36 flies fly VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:parataxis 37 to to ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 38 Africa Africa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 36 obl _ _ 39 alone alone ADV RB _ 36 advmod _ _ 40 without without SCONJ IN _ 43 mark _ _ 41 ever ever ADV RB PronType=Ind 43 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=42:advmod 42 having have AUX VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 43 aux _ _ 43 met meet VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 36 advcl _ _ 44 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 45 nmod:poss _ _ 45 parents parent NOUN NNS Number=Plur 43 obj _ _ 46 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **find** | present | Animals | the way | | | | with a whole toolbox the Sun by day and the stars by night | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Topic | | 2 | **fly** | present | a young cuckoo | | Africa | | | alone *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to africa=Result | | 3 | **meet** | gerund · perfect | a young cuckoo *not said here* | cuckoo's parents | | | ever | | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent parent=Co-Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:054-migration-the-great-journeys.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Migration: the great journeys, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/54-migration-the-great-journeys/0/) - next →: [Migration: the great journeys, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/54-migration-the-great-journeys/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/54-migration-the-great-journeys/)