--- title: The journeys are dangerous: crocodiles wait in rivers for wildebeest… — Migration: the great journeys · tree and pragmatics description: The journeys are dangerous: crocodiles wait in rivers for wildebeest, city lights confuse night-flying birds, and roads cut across crab paths, so people now build tunnels and switch off lights to help. Who acts: journeys, crocodiles, city lights, roads. A sentence of the lesson «Migration: the great --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/54-migration-the-great-journeys/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Migration: the great journeys](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/54-migration-the-great-journeys/) / 4 # Migration: the great journeys, sentence 4 The journeys are dangerous: crocodiles wait in rivers for wildebeest, city lights confuse night-flying birds, and roads cut across crab paths, so people now build tunnels and switch off lights to help. **Who acts:** journeys, crocodiles, city lights, roads, people · **What happens:** be, wait, confuse, fly, cut, build · **To what, where:** rivers, flying birds, crab paths, tunnels, lights This is a sentence of the lesson «Migration: the great journeys» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (journeys, crocodiles, city lights, roads), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:054-migration-the-great-journeys.lesson:4 # text = The journeys are dangerous: crocodiles wait in rivers for wildebeest, city lights confuse night-flying birds, and roads cut across crab paths, so people now build tunnels and switch off lights to help. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 054-migration-the-great-journeys.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 journeys journey NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 3 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 4 dangerous dangerous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 5 : : PUNCT : _ 7 punct _ _ 6 crocodiles crocodile NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nsubj _ _ 7 wait wait VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 8 in in ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 rivers river NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obl _ _ 10 for for ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 wildebeest wildebeest NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 13 city city NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 compound _ _ 14 lights light NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 nsubj _ _ 15 confuse confuse VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 16 night night NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 compound _ _ 17 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 18 punct _ _ 18 flying fly VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 19 amod _ _ 19 birds bird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 obj _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=22:punct 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 22 roads road NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ _ 23 cut cut VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 conj _ _ 24 across across ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 crab crab NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 compound _ _ 26 paths path NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obl _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 28 so so ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ _ 29 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 nsubj _ _ 30 now now ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ _ 31 build build VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 advcl _ _ 32 tunnels tunnel NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 obj _ _ 33 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 34 switch switch VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 conj _ _ 35 off off ADP RP _ 34 compound:prt _ _ 36 lights light NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 obj _ _ 37 to to PART TO _ 38 mark _ _ 38 help help VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 34 advcl _ _ 39 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | the journeys | | | | | dangerous *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **wait** | present | crocodiles | | | rivers | | for wildebeest | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in river=Location | | 3 | **confuse** | present | city lights | flying birds | | | | | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bird=Patient | | 4 | **fly** | gerund | | | | | | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **cut** | present | roads | | | crab paths | | | vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across path=Location | | 6 | **build** | present | people | tunnels | | | now | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tunnel=Product | | 7 | **switch off** | present | people *not said here* | lights | | | | | vn convert-26.6.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Patient | | 8 | **help** | to-infinitive | people *not said here* | | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:054-migration-the-great-journeys.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Migration: the great journeys, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/54-migration-the-great-journeys/3/) - next →: [Migration: the great journeys, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/54-migration-the-great-journeys/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/54-migration-the-great-journeys/)