--- title: Common frogs spend winter in mud or under logs, and some males rest… — Sleep and hibernation · tree and pragmatics description: Common frogs spend winter in mud or under logs, and some males rest at the bottom of ponds, taking in oxygen through their skin. Who acts: Common frogs, males. A sentence of the lesson «Sleep and hibernation» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/55-sleep-and-hibernation/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Sleep and hibernation](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/55-sleep-and-hibernation/) / 11 # Sleep and hibernation, sentence 11 Common frogs spend winter in mud or under logs, and some males rest at the bottom of ponds, taking in oxygen through their skin. **Who acts:** Common frogs, males · **What happens:** spend, rest, take in · **To what, where:** mud, bottom, oxygen, skin This is a sentence of the lesson «Sleep and hibernation» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Common frogs, males), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:055-sleep-and-hibernation.lesson:11 # text = Common frogs spend winter in mud or under logs, and some males rest at the bottom of ponds, taking in oxygen through their skin. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 055-sleep-and-hibernation.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Common common ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 frogs frog NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 spend spend VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 winter winter NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 5 in in ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 mud mud NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:nmod 7 or or CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 8 under under ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 logs log NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 conj _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 12 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 13 det _ _ 13 males male NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 nsubj _ _ 14 rest rest VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 15 at at ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 bottom bottom NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obl _ _ 18 of of ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 19 ponds pond NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 nmod _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 21 taking take VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 14 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:advcl 22 in in ADP IN _ 21 compound:prt _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=23:case 23 oxygen oxygen NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=21:obl 24 through through ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ _ 26 skin skin NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obl _ _ 27 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **spend** | present | Common frogs | | | mud | winter | | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **rest** | present | some males | | | the bottom of ponds | | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at bottom=Location | | 3 | **take in** | gerund | some males *not said here* | oxygen | | males's skin | | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oxygen=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:055-sleep-and-hibernation.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Sleep and hibernation, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/55-sleep-and-hibernation/10/) - next →: [Sleep and hibernation, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/55-sleep-and-hibernation/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/55-sleep-and-hibernation/)