---
title: African lungfish survive the dry season sealed in slime in dried mud… — Sleep and hibernation · tree and pragmatics
description: African lungfish survive the dry season sealed in slime in dried mud, breathing air, sometimes for years; this summer sleep is aestivation. Who acts: African lungfish, summer sleep. A sentence of the lesson «Sleep and hibernation» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tr
---

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# Sleep and hibernation, sentence 18

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African lungfish survive the dry season sealed in slime in dried mud, breathing air, sometimes for years; this summer sleep is aestivation.

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**Who acts:** African lungfish, summer sleep · **What happens:** survive, seal, breathe, be · **To what, where:** dry season, slime, air, aestivation

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Sleep and hibernation» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (African lungfish, summer sleep), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:055-sleep-and-hibernation.lesson:18
# text = African lungfish survive the dry season sealed in slime in dried mud, breathing air, sometimes for years; this summer sleep is aestivation.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 055-sleep-and-hibernation.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×2
1	African	African	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	lungfish	lungfish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=3:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing
3	survive	survive	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=0:root|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	season	season	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	sealed	seal	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	slime	slime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	dried	dried	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	breathing	breathe	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	conj	_	_
15	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	19	advmod	_	_
18	for	for	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
21	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	23	det	_	_
22	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	_
23	sleep	sleep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
24	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
25	aestivation	aestivation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	_
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **survive** | present | African lungfish |  |  |  | season |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **seal** | participle |  | the dry season *not said here* |  | slime |  | in dried mud | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **breathe** | gerund |  | air |  |  | year |  | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme |
| 4 | **is a** | present | this summer sleep | aestivation |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:055-sleep-and-hibernation.lesson:18`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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