--- title: Giraffes sleep very little, in short naps, mostly standing, because… — Sleep and hibernation · tree and pragmatics description: Giraffes sleep very little, in short naps, mostly standing, because getting up takes a long time with lions around; koalas sleep about 18 to 22 hours a day, because their gum leaves give little energy. Who acts: Giraffes, getting, koalas, gum leaves. A sentence of the lesson «Sleep and hibernation» --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/55-sleep-and-hibernation/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Sleep and hibernation](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/55-sleep-and-hibernation/) / 9 # Sleep and hibernation, sentence 9 Giraffes sleep very little, in short naps, mostly standing, because getting up takes a long time with lions around; koalas sleep about 18 to 22 hours a day, because their gum leaves give little energy. **Who acts:** Giraffes, getting, koalas, gum leaves · **What happens:** sleep, stand, get up, take, give · **To what, where:** short naps, little energy This is a sentence of the lesson «Sleep and hibernation» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Giraffes, getting, koalas, gum leaves), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:055-sleep-and-hibernation.lesson:9 # text = Giraffes sleep very little, in short naps, mostly standing, because getting up takes a long time with lions around; koalas sleep about 18 to 22 hours a day, because their gum leaves give little energy. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 055-sleep-and-hibernation.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×3 1 Giraffes giraffe NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 sleep sleep VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 very very ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 4 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=8:amod 5 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 6 in in ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 short short ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 naps nap NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:obj 9 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 10 mostly mostly ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ _ 11 standing stand VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 2 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=8:conj 12 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 13 because because SCONJ IN _ 16 mark _ _ 14 getting get VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 16 csubj _ _ 15 up up PART RP _ 14 compound:prt _ _ 16 takes take VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 advcl _ _ 17 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 18 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 19 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obj _ _ 20 with with ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 lions lion NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 nmod _ _ 22 around around ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 23 ; ; PUNCT : _ 25 punct _ _ 24 koalas koala NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 nsubj _ _ 25 sleep sleep VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:conj 26 about about ADV RB _ 27 advmod _ _ 27 18 18 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 30 nummod _ _ 28 to to ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 29 22 22 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 27 nmod _ _ 30 hours hour NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 obl _ _ 31 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 nmod:unmarked _ _ 33 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 34 because because SCONJ IN _ 38 mark _ _ 35 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 37 nmod:poss _ _ 36 gum gum NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 compound _ _ 37 leaves leaf NOUN NNS Number=Plur 38 nsubj _ _ 38 give give VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=25:conj 39 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 40 amod _ _ 40 energy energy NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obj _ _ 41 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **sleep** | present | Giraffes | | | short naps | | | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in nap=Location | | 2 | **stand** | gerund | Giraffes *not said here* | | | | | mostly *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **get up** | gerund | | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer | | 4 | **take** | present | getting | | | | time | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **sleep** | present | koalas | | | | hour | | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **give** | present | koalas's gum leaves | little energy | | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:055-sleep-and-hibernation.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Sleep and hibernation, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/55-sleep-and-hibernation/8/) - next →: [Sleep and hibernation, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/55-sleep-and-hibernation/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/55-sleep-and-hibernation/)