---
title: An onion is a bulb whose layers are swollen leaves storing food for… — Roots, stems and leaves · tree and pragmatics
description: An onion is a bulb whose layers are swollen leaves storing food for next year's growth. Who acts: onion, leaves, next year. A sentence of the lesson «Roots, stems and leaves» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Roots, stems and leaves, sentence 13

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An onion is a bulb whose layers are swollen leaves storing food for next year's growth.

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**Who acts:** onion, leaves, next year · **What happens:** be, swell, store, grow · **To what, where:** bulb, layers, food

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Roots, stems and leaves» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (onion, leaves, next year), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:057-roots-stems-and-leaves.lesson:13
# text = An onion is a bulb whose layers are swollen leaves storing food for next year's growth.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 057-roots-stems-and-leaves.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	onion	onion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bulb	bulb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	layers	layer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	swollen	swell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
11	storing	store	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	acl	_	_
12	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
14	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod:poss	_	_
16	's	's	PART	POS	_	15	case	_	_
17	growth	growth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a onion | a bulb |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **swell** | present · passive |  | layers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **store** | gerund | leaves *not said here* | food |  |  |  | for next year's growth | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme |
| 4 | **grow** |  | next year |  |  |  |  |  | nom growth «process intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:057-roots-stems-and-leaves.lesson:13`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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