--- title: In autumn trees stop making green chlorophyll, so hidden yellows and… — Roots, stems and leaves · tree and pragmatics description: In autumn trees stop making green chlorophyll, so hidden yellows and oranges show through, and some trees make new reds; they take back useful material before the leaves fall, because thin leaves would be hurt by frost and would lose water when the ground is frozen. Who acts: trees, hidden yellows, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/57-roots-stems-and-leaves/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Roots, stems and leaves](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/57-roots-stems-and-leaves/) / 14 # Roots, stems and leaves, sentence 14 In autumn trees stop making green chlorophyll, so hidden yellows and oranges show through, and some trees make new reds; they take back useful material before the leaves fall, because thin leaves would be hurt by frost and would lose water when the ground is frozen. **Who acts:** trees, hidden yellows, leaves, frost · **What happens:** stop, make, show, take back, fall, hurt · **To what, where:** green chlorophyll, new reds, useful material, thin leaves, water, ground This is a sentence of the lesson «Roots, stems and leaves» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (trees, hidden yellows, leaves, frost), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:057-roots-stems-and-leaves.lesson:14 # text = In autumn trees stop making green chlorophyll, so hidden yellows and oranges show through, and some trees make new reds; they take back useful material before the leaves fall, because thin leaves would be hurt by frost and would lose water when the ground is frozen. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 057-roots-stems-and-leaves.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1 1 In in ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 autumn autumn NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 3 trees tree NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 4 stop stop VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 making make VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 4 xcomp _ _ 6 green green ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 chlorophyll chlorophyll NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obj _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=4:punct 9 so so ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=10:advmod 10 hidden hidden ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 yellows yellow NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 nsubj _ _ 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 13 oranges orange NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 conj _ _ 14 show show VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 15 through through ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 18 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 19 det _ _ 19 trees tree NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 nsubj _ _ 20 make make VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 conj _ _ 21 new new ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ _ 22 reds red NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 obj _ _ 23 ; ; PUNCT : _ 25 punct _ _ 24 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 25 take take VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 conj _ _ 26 back back ADV RB _ 25 advmod _ _ 27 useful useful ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ _ 28 material material NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obj _ _ 29 before before SCONJ IN _ 32 mark _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 leaves leaf NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 nsubj _ _ 32 fall fall VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 advcl _ _ 33 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 34 because because SCONJ IN _ 39 mark _ _ 35 thin thin ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 36 amod _ _ 36 leaves leaf NOUN NNS Number=Plur 39 nsubj:pass _ _ 37 would would AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 39 aux _ _ 38 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 39 aux:pass _ _ 39 hurt hurt VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 25 advcl _ _ 40 by by ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 41 frost frost NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 obl _ _ 42 and and CCONJ CC _ 44 cc _ _ 43 would would AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 44 aux _ _ 44 lose lose VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 39 conj _ _ 45 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 obj _ _ 46 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 50 advmod _ _ 47 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 48 det _ _ 48 ground ground NOUN NN Number=Sing 50 nsubj:pass _ _ 49 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 50 aux:pass _ _ 50 frozen freeze VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 44 advcl _ _ 51 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=14:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **stop** | present | trees | | | | autumn | | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality | | 2 | **make** | gerund | trees *not said here* | green chlorophyll | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset chlorophyll=Product | | 3 | **show** | present | hidden yellows and oranges | | | | | through *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **make** | present | some trees | new reds | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset red=Product | | 5 | **take back** | present | trees *= tree* | useful material | | | | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent material=Theme | | 6 | **fall** | present | the leaves | | | | | | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 7 | **hurt** | would · passive | frost | thin leaves | | | | | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer subject=Patient | | 8 | **lose** | would | frost *not said here* | water | | | | | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Eventuality | | 9 | **freeze** | present · passive | | the ground | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:057-roots-stems-and-leaves.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Roots, stems and leaves, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/57-roots-stems-and-leaves/13/) - next →: [Roots, stems and leaves, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/57-roots-stems-and-leaves/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/57-roots-stems-and-leaves/)