---
title: Tie a plastic bag over a leafy branch on a sunny day and it fogs up… — Roots, stems and leaves · tree and pragmatics
description: Tie a plastic bag over a leafy branch on a sunny day and it fogs up inside: that water came up from the roots and escaped through tiny holes in the leaves called stomata. Who acts: you, bag, water, leaves. A sentence of the lesson «Roots, stems and leaves» of the biology course of Mova's primary sch
---

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# Roots, stems and leaves, sentence 2

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tie a plastic bag over a leafy branch on a sunny day and it fogs up inside: that water came up from the roots and escaped through tiny holes in the leaves called stomata.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, bag, water, leaves · **What happens:** tie, fog up, come up, escape, call · **To what, where:** plastic bag, leafy branch, roots, tiny holes, stomata · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Roots, stems and leaves» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, bag, water, leaves), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:057-roots-stems-and-leaves.lesson:2
# text = Tie a plastic bag over a leafy branch on a sunny day and it fogs up inside: that water came up from the roots and escaped through tiny holes in the leaves called stomata.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 057-roots-stems-and-leaves.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Tie	tie	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	plastic	plastic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	bag	bag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	over	over	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	leafy	leafy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	branch	branch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	sunny	sunny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	fogs	fog	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
16	up	up	ADP	RP	_	15	compound:prt	_	_
17	inside	inside	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
18	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
19	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	20	det	_	_
20	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
21	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	ccomp	_	_
22	up	up	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
23	from	from	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	roots	root	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	escaped	escape	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	conj	_	_
28	through	through	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	holes	hole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obl	_	_
31	in	in	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	nmod	_	_
34	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	33	acl	_	_
35	stomata	stomata	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	xcomp	_	_
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tie** | imperative | you *not said here* | a plastic bag |  | a leafy branch | day |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bag=Patient |
| 2 | **fog up** | present | bag |  |  |  |  | inside *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **come up** | past | that water |  |  | the roots |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from root=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **escape** | past | that water *not said here* |  |  | tiny holes in the leaves |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme through hole=Initial\_Location |
| 5 | **call** | participle | the leaves *not said here* | stomata |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:057-roots-stems-and-leaves.lesson:2`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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