--- title: Plants change these parts for special jobs: a cactus turned its leav… — Roots, stems and leaves · tree and pragmatics description: Plants change these parts for special jobs: a cactus turned its leaves into spines, a pea turned shoots into curly tendrils, an onion stores food in swollen leaves, and a nettle grows stinging hairs. Who acts: Plants, cactus, pea, onion. A sentence of the lesson «Roots, stems and leaves» of the biol --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/57-roots-stems-and-leaves/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Roots, stems and leaves](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/57-roots-stems-and-leaves/) / 3 # Roots, stems and leaves, sentence 3 Plants change these parts for special jobs: a cactus turned its leaves into spines, a pea turned shoots into curly tendrils, an onion stores food in swollen leaves, and a nettle grows stinging hairs. **Who acts:** Plants, cactus, pea, onion, nettle · **What happens:** change, turn, store, grow, sting · **To what, where:** parts, leaves, spines, shoots, curly tendrils, food This is a sentence of the lesson «Roots, stems and leaves» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Plants, cactus, pea, onion), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:057-roots-stems-and-leaves.lesson:3 # text = Plants change these parts for special jobs: a cactus turned its leaves into spines, a pea turned shoots into curly tendrils, an onion stores food in swollen leaves, and a nettle grows stinging hairs. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 057-roots-stems-and-leaves.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Plants plant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 change change VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 these this DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 4 det _ _ 4 parts part NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 5 for for ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 special special ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 jobs job NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:nmod 8 : : PUNCT : _ 11 punct _ _ 9 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 cactus cactus NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ _ 11 turned turn VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 acl:relcl _ _ 12 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ _ 13 leaves leaf NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 obj _ _ 14 into into ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 spines spine NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 obl _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 17 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 pea pea NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ _ 19 turned turn VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 11 conj _ _ 20 shoots shoot NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obj _ _ 21 into into ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 22 curly curly ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 23 tendrils tendril NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=20:nmod 24 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=28:punct 25 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 onion onion NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ _ 27 stores store VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 conj _ _ 28 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obj _ _ 29 in in ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 swollen swollen ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 31 leaves leaf NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 obl _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 33 and and CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 34 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 nettle nettle NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 nsubj _ _ 36 grows grow VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=27:conj 37 stinging sting VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 38 amod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=38:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 38 hairs hair NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 obj _ _ 39 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **change** | present | Plants | this parts | | | | for special jobs | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent part=Theme for job=Co-Theme | | 2 | **turn** | past | a cactus | plant's leaves | | spines | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent leaf=Theme into spine=Trajectory | | 3 | **turn** | past | a pea | shoots | | curly tendrils | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent shoot=Theme into tendril=Trajectory | | 4 | **store** | present | a onion | food | | swollen leaves | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent food=Theme in leaf=Location | | 5 | **grow** | present | a nettle | stinging hairs | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location hair=Theme | | 6 | **sting** | gerund | | | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:057-roots-stems-and-leaves.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Roots, stems and leaves, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/57-roots-stems-and-leaves/2/) - next →: [Roots, stems and leaves, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/57-roots-stems-and-leaves/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/57-roots-stems-and-leaves/)