---
title: Leaf veins carry water in and sugar out, and hold the leaf flat like… — Roots, stems and leaves · tree and pragmatics
description: Leaf veins carry water in and sugar out, and hold the leaf flat like the ribs of an umbrella; leaves are thin and flat to catch light and let gases in and out. Who acts: Leaf veins, leaves. A sentence of the lesson «Roots, stems and leaves» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dep
---

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# Roots, stems and leaves, sentence 8

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leaf veins carry water in and sugar out, and hold the leaf flat like the ribs of an umbrella; leaves are thin and flat to catch light and let gases in and out.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Leaf veins, leaves · **What happens:** carry in, hold, be, catch, let · **To what, where:** water, leaf, light, gases

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Roots, stems and leaves» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Leaf veins, leaves), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:057-roots-stems-and-leaves.lesson:8
# text = Leaf veins carry water in and sugar out, and hold the leaf flat like the ribs of an umbrella; leaves are thin and flat to catch light and let gases in and out.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 057-roots-stems-and-leaves.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2
1	Leaf	leaf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	veins	vein	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	carry	carry	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
8	out	out	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	hold	hold	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	leaf	leaf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	flat	flat	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
15	like	like	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	ribs	rib	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	umbrella	umbrella	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
22	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nsubj	_	_
23	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
24	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	conj	_	_
27	to	to	PART	TO	_	28	mark	_	_
28	catch	catch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	xcomp	_	_
29	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
31	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	conj	_	_
32	gases	gas	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	obj	_	_
33	in	in	ADV	RB	_	31	xcomp	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=31:advmod
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
35	out	out	ADV	RB	_	33	conj	_	_
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry in** | present | Leaf veins | water and sugar |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme |
| 2 | **hold** | infinitive | Leaf veins *not said here* | the leaf |  |  |  | like the ribs of a umbrella; flat *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | present | leaves |  |  |  |  | thin *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  | leaves *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **catch** | to-infinitive | leaves *not said here* | light |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Theme |
| 6 | **let** | infinitive | leaves *not said here* | gases |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gas=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:057-roots-stems-and-leaves.lesson:8`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

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