---
title: Honeybees turn nectar into honey by adding special substances and fa… — Flowers and pollination · tree and pragmatics
description: Honeybees turn nectar into honey by adding special substances and fanning it with their wings to dry it, as food for the hive in winter; honey is so dry and sugary that germs cannot grow in it, so it keeps for years. Who acts: Honeybees, honey, germs. A sentence of the lesson «Flowers and pollinatio
---

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# Flowers and pollination, sentence 16

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Honeybees turn nectar into honey by adding special substances and fanning it with their wings to dry it, as food for the hive in winter; honey is so dry and sugary that germs cannot grow in it, so it keeps for years.

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**Who acts:** Honeybees, honey, germs · **What happens:** turn, add, fan, dry, be, not grow · **To what, where:** nectar, honey, special substances

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Flowers and pollination» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Honeybees, honey, germs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:058-flowers-and-pollination.lesson:16
# text = Honeybees turn nectar into honey by adding special substances and fanning it with their wings to dry it, as food for the hive in winter; honey is so dry and sugary that germs cannot grow in it, so it keeps for years.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 058-flowers-and-pollination.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2
1	Honeybees	honeybee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	turn	turn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	nectar	nectar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	honey	honey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	adding	add	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
8	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	substances	substance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	fanning	fan	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	conj	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	dry	dry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	as	as	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
22	for	for	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	hive	hive	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=17:obl
27	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
28	honey	honey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nsubj	_	_
29	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	cop	_	_
30	so	so	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
31	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:conj
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	sugary	sugary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	conj	_	_
34	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	38	mark	_	_
35	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	nsubj	_	_
36	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	38	aux	_	_
37	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	38	advmod	_	_
38	grow	grow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	33	ccomp	_	_
39	in	in	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
40	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	38	obl	_	_
41	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
42	so	so	ADV	RB	_	44	advmod	_	_
43	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	44	nsubj	_	_
44	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=31:conj
45	for	for	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
46	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	44	obl	_	_
47	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | present | Honeybees | nectar |  | honey |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent nectar=Theme into honey=Trajectory |
| 2 | **add** *speech: assert* | gerund | Honeybees *not said here* | special substances |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent substance=Patient |
| 3 | **fan** | gerund | Honeybees *not said here* | nectar |  |  |  | with Honeybees's wings | tree rules |
| 4 | **dry** | to-infinitive | Honeybees *not said here* | nectar |  |  |  | as food for the hive in winter | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient it=Result |
| 5 | **is** | present | honey |  |  |  |  | dry *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **be** |  | honey *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **not** **grow** | can | germs |  |  | honey |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in it=Location |
| 8 | **keep** | present | honey |  |  |  | year |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:058-flowers-and-pollination.lesson:16`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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