--- title: The bowhead whale can smash through ice about 60 cm thick with its h… — The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar bear's world · tree and pragmatics description: The bowhead whale can smash through ice about 60 cm thick with its head to make a hole to breathe, has blubber up to about 50 cm thick, and some are thought to have lived over 200 years. Who acts: bowhead whale. A sentence of the lesson «The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar bear's world» of the biolo --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/6-the-arctic/16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar be…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/6-the-arctic/) / 16 # The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar bear's world, sentence 16 The bowhead whale can smash through ice about 60 cm thick with its head to make a hole to breathe, has blubber up to about 50 cm thick, and some are thought to have lived over 200 years. **Who acts:** bowhead whale · **What happens:** smash, make, breathe, have up, think, live · **To what, where:** ice, hole, blubber, some This is a sentence of the lesson «The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar bear's world» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bowhead whale), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:006-the-arctic.lesson:16 # text = The bowhead whale can smash through ice about 60 cm thick with its head to make a hole to breathe, has blubber up to about 50 cm thick, and some are thought to have lived over 200 years. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 006-the-arctic.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 bowhead bowhead NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 whale whale NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 4 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 5 aux _ _ 5 smash smash VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 6 through through ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 ice ice NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ 8 about about ADV RB _ 9 advmod _ _ 9 60 60 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 10 nummod _ _ 10 cm cm NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 obl:unmarked _ _ 11 thick thick ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 acl _ _ 12 with with ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ _ 14 head head NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ 15 to to PART TO _ 16 mark _ _ 16 make make VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 5 advcl _ _ 17 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 hole hole NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obj _ _ 19 to to PART TO _ 20 mark _ _ 20 breathe breathe VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 18 acl _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 22 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 23 blubber blubber NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obj _ _ 24 up up ADP RP _ 22 compound:prt _ _ 25 to to ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 26 about about ADV RB _ 27 advmod _ _ 27 50 50 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 28 nummod _ _ 28 cm cm NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 obl _ _ 29 thick thick ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 conj _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 32 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 34 nsubj:pass _ _ 33 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 34 aux:pass _ _ 34 thought think VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=22:conj 35 to to PART TO _ 37 mark _ _ 36 have have AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 37 aux _ _ 37 lived live VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 34 xcomp _ _ 38 over over ADV RB _ 39 advmod _ _ 39 200 200 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 40 nummod _ _ 40 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 37 obl:unmarked _ _ 41 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **smash** | can | the bowhead whale | | | ice | | with whale's head | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V PP PP»: agent=Agent with head=Instrument | | 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | the bowhead whale *not said here* | a hole | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset hole=Product | | 3 | **breathe** | to-infinitive | the bowhead whale *not said here* | a hole *not said here* | | | | | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **have up** | present | the bowhead whale *not said here* | blubber | | | | to 50 cm | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent blubber=Patient | | 5 | **think** *speech: other* | present · passive | | some | | | | | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute clause=Theme | | 6 | **live** | to-infinitive · perfect | | | | | year | | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:006-the-arctic.lesson:16`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar be…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/6-the-arctic/15/) - next →: [The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar be…, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/6-the-arctic/17/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/6-the-arctic/)