--- title: The polar bear is the king of the sea ice: it hunts seals from the i… — The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar bear's world · tree and pragmatics description: The polar bear is the king of the sea ice: it hunts seals from the ice edge, so as the world warms and the summer ice shrinks, it has less time to hunt. Who acts: polar bear, bear, world, summer ice. A sentence of the lesson «The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar bear's world» of the biology course of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/6-the-arctic/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar be…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/6-the-arctic/) / 3 # The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar bear's world, sentence 3 The polar bear is the king of the sea ice: it hunts seals from the ice edge, so as the world warms and the summer ice shrinks, it has less time to hunt. **Who acts:** polar bear, bear, world, summer ice, ice · **What happens:** be, hunt, warm, shrink, have · **To what, where:** king, seals, ice edge This is a sentence of the lesson «The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar bear's world» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (polar bear, bear, world, summer ice), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:006-the-arctic.lesson:3 # text = The polar bear is the king of the sea ice: it hunts seals from the ice edge, so as the world warms and the summer ice shrinks, it has less time to hunt. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 006-the-arctic.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×4, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 polar polar ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 bear bear NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 4 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 7 of of ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 9 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 compound _ _ 10 ice ice NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nmod _ _ 11 : : PUNCT : _ 13 punct _ _ 12 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nsubj _ _ 13 hunts hunt VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 parataxis _ _ 14 seals seal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obj _ _ 15 from from ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 17 ice ice NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 compound _ _ 18 edge edge NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=13:punct 20 so so ADV RB _ 32 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=24:advmod 21 as as SCONJ IN _ 24 mark _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=24:det 23 world world NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=24:compound 24 warms warm VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 32 advcl _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=29:det 27 summer summer NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 compound _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=29:compound 28 ice ice NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 nsubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=29:compound 29 shrinks shrink VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 conj _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 31 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nsubj _ _ 32 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 conj _ _ 33 less less ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 34 amod _ _ 34 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obj _ _ 35 to to PART TO _ 36 mark _ _ 36 hunt hunt VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 34 acl _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=13:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | the polar bear | the king | | | | of the sea ice | tree rules | | 2 | **hunt** | present | bear | seals | | the ice edge | | | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent seal=Theme | | 3 | **warm** | present | the world | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 4 | **shrink** | present | the summer ice | | | | | | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 5 | **have** | present | ice | | | | time | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **hunt** | to-infinitive | ice *not said here* | | | | | | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:006-the-arctic.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×4, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar be…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/6-the-arctic/2/) - next →: [The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar be…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/6-the-arctic/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/6-the-arctic/)