--- title: Polar bears hunt seals from the sea ice and swim well, kept warm by… — The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar bear's world · tree and pragmatics description: Polar bears hunt seals from the sea ice and swim well, kept warm by fat up to about 10 cm thick; their skin is black and their hairs are see-through, only looking white because they scatter the light, like snow does. Who acts: Polar bears, skin, hairs. A sentence of the lesson «The Arctic: ice, snow --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/6-the-arctic/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar be…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/6-the-arctic/) / 5 # The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar bear's world, sentence 5 Polar bears hunt seals from the sea ice and swim well, kept warm by fat up to about 10 cm thick; their skin is black and their hairs are see-through, only looking white because they scatter the light, like snow does. **Who acts:** Polar bears, skin, hairs · **What happens:** hunt, swim, keep, be, see, look · **To what, where:** seals, sea ice, light This is a sentence of the lesson «The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar bear's world» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Polar bears, skin, hairs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:006-the-arctic.lesson:5 # text = Polar bears hunt seals from the sea ice and swim well, kept warm by fat up to about 10 cm thick; their skin is black and their hairs are see-through, only looking white because they scatter the light, like snow does. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 006-the-arctic.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Polar polar ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 bears bear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 hunt hunt VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 seals seal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 5 from from ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 7 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 compound _ _ 8 ice ice NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 10 swim swim VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 11 well well ADV RB _ 10 advmod _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 13 kept keep VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 advcl _ _ 14 warm warm ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 xcomp _ _ 15 by by ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 fat fat NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obl _ _ 17 up up ADV RB _ 22 advmod _ _ 18 to to ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 19 about about ADV RB _ 20 advmod _ _ 20 10 10 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 21 nummod _ _ 21 cm cm NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 obl:unmarked _ _ 22 thick thick ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 conj _ _ 23 ; ; PUNCT : _ 27 punct _ _ 24 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ _ 25 skin skin NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ _ 26 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 cop _ _ 27 black black ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 29 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 30 nmod:poss _ _ 30 hairs hair NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 nsubj _ _ 31 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 34 cop _ _ 32 see see VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 34 compound _ _ 33 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 34 punct _ _ 34 through through ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 conj _ _ 35 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=37:punct 36 only only ADV RB _ 37 advmod _ _ 37 looking look VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 34 advcl _ _ 38 white white ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 37 xcomp _ _ 39 because because SCONJ IN _ 41 mark _ _ 40 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 41 nsubj _ _ 41 scatter scatter VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 37 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=38:advcl 42 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 43 det _ _ 43 light light NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 obj _ _ 44 , , PUNCT , _ 47 punct _ _ 45 like like SCONJ IN _ 47 mark _ _ 46 snow snow NOUN NN Number=Sing 47 nsubj _ _ 47 does do AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 41 advcl _ _ 48 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **hunt** | present | Polar bears | seals | | the sea ice | | | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent seal=Theme | | 2 | **swim** | present | Polar bears *not said here* | | | | | well *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **keep** | participle | Polar bears *not said here* | | | | | warm *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **is** | present | seals's skin | | | | | black *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **see** | infinitive | | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 6 | **is** | present | seals's hairs | | | | | through *property* | tree rules | | 7 | **look** | gerund | seals's hairs *not said here* | | | | | white *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus | | 8 | **scatter** | present | hairs *= hair* | the light | | | | | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent light=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:006-the-arctic.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar be…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/6-the-arctic/4/) - next →: [The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar be…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/6-the-arctic/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/6-the-arctic/)