--- title: Polar bears are classed as marine mammals, and as Arctic sea ice shr… — The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar bear's world · tree and pragmatics description: Polar bears are classed as marine mammals, and as Arctic sea ice shrinks in summer they have less time to hunt and must live longer on their fat. Who acts: Arctic sea ice, mammals. A sentence of the lesson «The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar bear's world» of the biology course of Mova's primary sch --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/6-the-arctic/6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar be…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/6-the-arctic/) / 6 # The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar bear's world, sentence 6 Polar bears are classed as marine mammals, and as Arctic sea ice shrinks in summer they have less time to hunt and must live longer on their fat. **Who acts:** Arctic sea ice, mammals · **What happens:** class, shrink, have, hunt, live · **To what, where:** Polar bears, fat This is a sentence of the lesson «The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar bear's world» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Arctic sea ice, mammals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:006-the-arctic.lesson:6 # text = Polar bears are classed as marine mammals, and as Arctic sea ice shrinks in summer they have less time to hunt and must live longer on their fat. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 006-the-arctic.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Polar polar ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 bears bear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 3 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass _ _ 4 classed class VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 as as ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 marine marine ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=7:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 7 mammals mammal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=4:punct 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 10 as as SCONJ IN _ 14 mark _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=14:mark|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 11 Arctic arctic ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 12 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 compound _ _ 13 ice ice NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ _ 14 shrinks shrink VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 advcl _ _ 15 in in ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 summer summer NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obl _ _ 17 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ _ 18 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 19 less less ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 20 amod _ _ 20 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obj _ _ 21 to to PART TO _ 22 mark _ _ 22 hunt hunt VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 20 acl _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 24 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 25 aux _ _ 25 live live VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 22 conj _ _ 26 longer long ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 25 advmod _ _ 27 on on ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 28 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ _ 29 fat fat NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obl _ _ 30 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **class** | present · passive | | Polar bears | | | | as marine mammals *goal* | vn classify-29.10 «NP V NP PP.goal»: subject=Theme as mammal=Goal | | 2 | **shrink** | present | Arctic sea ice | | | | summer | | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **have** | present | mammals *= mammal* | | | | time | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **hunt** | to-infinitive | mammals *= mammal* *not said here* | | | | | | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **live** | must | mammals *= mammal* *not said here* | | | mammals's fat | | long *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on fat=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:006-the-arctic.lesson:6`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar be…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/6-the-arctic/5/) - next →: [The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar be…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/6-the-arctic/7/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/6-the-arctic/)