--- title: Walruses use their tusks, up to about 1 metre long, to haul out onto… — The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar bear's world · tree and pragmatics description: Walruses use their tusks, up to about 1 metre long, to haul out onto ice and to show who is boss, and find clams on the seabed with sensitive whiskers. Who acts: Walruses. A sentence of the lesson «The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar bear's world» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/6-the-arctic/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar be…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/6-the-arctic/) / 8 # The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar bear's world, sentence 8 Walruses use their tusks, up to about 1 metre long, to haul out onto ice and to show who is boss, and find clams on the seabed with sensitive whiskers. **Who acts:** Walruses · **What happens:** use, haul out, show, be, find · **To what, where:** tusks, ice, boss, clams, seabed · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar bear's world» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Walruses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:006-the-arctic.lesson:8 # text = Walruses use their tusks, up to about 1 metre long, to haul out onto ice and to show who is boss, and find clams on the seabed with sensitive whiskers. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 006-the-arctic.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Walruses walrus NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 use use VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ _ 4 tusks tusk NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 5 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 6 up up ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ _ 7 to to ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 8 about about ADV RB _ 9 advmod _ _ 9 1 1 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 10 nummod _ _ 10 metre metre NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:obl 11 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 13 to to PART TO _ 14 mark _ _ 14 haul haul VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 advcl _ _ 15 out out ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ _ 16 onto onto ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 ice ice NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obl _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 19 to to PART TO _ 20 mark _ _ 20 show show VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 14 conj _ _ 21 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 23 nsubj _ _ 22 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 cop _ _ 23 boss boss NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 ccomp _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 26 find find VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=2:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VBP:Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 clams clam NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 obj _ _ 28 on on ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 seabed seabed NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obl _ _ 31 with with ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 32 sensitive sensitive ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 33 amod _ _ 33 whiskers whisker NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 obl _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **use** | present | Walruses | Walruses's tusks | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tusk=Patient | | 2 | **haul out** | to-infinitive | Walruses *not said here* | | | ice | | out *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **show** | to-infinitive | Walruses *not said here* | | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **is a** | present | | boss | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **find** | infinitive | Walruses *not said here* | clams | | the seabed | | with sensitive whiskers | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clam=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:006-the-arctic.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar be…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/6-the-arctic/7/) - next →: [The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar be…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/6-the-arctic/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/6-the-arctic/)