--- title: Deciduous trees drop their leaves in autumn and protect next year's… — Trees · tree and pragmatics description: Deciduous trees drop their leaves in autumn and protect next year's tiny leaves and flowers inside buds wrapped in tough scales; horse chestnut buds are glued shut and sticky, and conkers are poisonous to eat. Who acts: Deciduous trees, conkers. A sentence of the lesson «Trees» of the biology course --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/60-trees/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Trees](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/60-trees/) / 12 # Trees, sentence 12 Deciduous trees drop their leaves in autumn and protect next year's tiny leaves and flowers inside buds wrapped in tough scales; horse chestnut buds are glued shut and sticky, and conkers are poisonous to eat. **Who acts:** Deciduous trees, conkers · **What happens:** drop, protect, wrap, glue, be, eat · **To what, where:** leaves, tiny leaves, buds, tough scales, chestnut buds This is a sentence of the lesson «Trees» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Deciduous trees, conkers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:060-trees.lesson:12 # text = Deciduous trees drop their leaves in autumn and protect next year's tiny leaves and flowers inside buds wrapped in tough scales; horse chestnut buds are glued shut and sticky, and conkers are poisonous to eat. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 060-trees.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Deciduous deciduous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 trees tree NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 drop drop VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ _ 5 leaves leaf NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 6 in in ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 autumn autumn NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 9 protect protect VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=3:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 10 next next ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 year year NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nmod:poss _ _ 12 's 's PART POS _ 11 case _ _ 13 tiny tiny ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 leaves leaf NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obj _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 16 flowers flower NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 conj _ _ 17 inside inside ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 buds bud NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obl _ _ 19 wrapped wrap VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 18 acl _ _ 20 in in ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 tough tough ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ _ 22 scales scale NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obl _ _ 23 ; ; PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=3:punct 24 horse horse NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 compound _ _ 25 chestnut chestnut NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 compound _ _ 26 buds bud NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 nsubj _ _ 27 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 28 aux:pass _ _ 28 glued glue VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 conj _ _ 29 shut shut ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 xcomp _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 31 sticky sticky ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 conj _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 33 and and CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 34 conkers conker NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 nsubj _ _ 35 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 36 cop _ _ 36 poisonous poisonous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 conj _ _ 37 to to PART TO _ 38 mark _ _ 38 eat eat VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 36 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=36:xcomp 39 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **drop** | present | Deciduous trees | Trees's leaves | | | autumn | | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Theme | | 2 | **protect** | present | Deciduous trees *not said here* | next year's tiny leaves and flowers | | buds | | | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Beneficiary | | 3 | **wrap** | participle | | buds *not said here* | | tough scales | | | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme in scale=Destination | | 4 | **glue** | present · passive | | chestnut buds | | | | shut *property* | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | | 5 | **is** | present | conkers | | | | | poisonous *property* | tree rules | | 6 | **eat** | to-infinitive | conkers *not said here* | | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:060-trees.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Trees, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/60-trees/11/) - next →: [Trees, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/60-trees/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/60-trees/)