--- title: Each year a tree grows a new ring of wood under its bark; scientists… — Trees · tree and pragmatics description: Each year a tree grows a new ring of wood under its bark; scientists use tree rings to learn about the weather hundreds or thousands of years ago. Who acts: tree, scientists. A sentence of the lesson «Trees» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics o --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/60-trees/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Trees](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/60-trees/) / 5 # Trees, sentence 5 Each year a tree grows a new ring of wood under its bark; scientists use tree rings to learn about the weather hundreds or thousands of years ago. **Who acts:** tree, scientists · **What happens:** grow, use, learn · **To what, where:** new ring, bark, tree rings, hundreds This is a sentence of the lesson «Trees» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tree, scientists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:060-trees.lesson:5 # text = Each year a tree grows a new ring of wood under its bark; scientists use tree rings to learn about the weather hundreds or thousands of years ago. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 060-trees.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Each each DET DT PronType=Tot 2 det _ _ 2 year year NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl:unmarked _ _ 3 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 tree tree NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 5 grows grow VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 7 new new ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 ring ring NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obj _ _ 9 of of ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 wood wood NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nmod _ _ 11 under under ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ _ 13 bark bark NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=10:nmod 14 ; ; PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 15 scientists scientist NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 nsubj _ _ 16 use use VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:conj 17 tree tree NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 compound _ _ 18 rings ring NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obj _ _ 19 to to PART TO _ 20 mark _ _ 20 learn learn VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 16 advcl _ _ 21 about about ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=24:det 23 weather weather NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl _ _ 24 hundreds hundred NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 obl:unmarked _ _ 25 or or CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 26 thousands thousand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 conj _ _ 27 of of ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 nmod _ _ 29 ago ago ADV RB _ 24 advmod _ _ 30 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **grow** | present | a tree | a new ring of wood | | much's bark | year | | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location ring=Theme | | 2 | **use** | present | scientists | tree rings | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ring=Patient | | 3 | **learn** | to-infinitive | scientists *not said here* | hundreds or thousands of years | | | | about the weather | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about weather=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:060-trees.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Trees, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/60-trees/4/) - next →: [Trees, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/60-trees/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/60-trees/)