--- title: Fungi: mushrooms, mould and yeast — a lesson of Mova's school · trees and pragmatics description: «Fungi: mushrooms, mould and yeast», a lesson of the biology course of Mova's primary school, sentence by sentence with dependency trees and pragmatics. It begins: A mushroom is not a plant and not an animal: it belongs to a third great kingdom of life, the fungi, which also includes moulds and the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/62-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / Fungi: mushrooms, mould and yeast # Fungi: mushrooms, mould and yeast Lesson 62 of the biology course of Mova's primary school: 15 sentences, each with its syntax tree and pragmatics. The lessons are written for Mova, and their agreed trees are part of Mova corpus 0.4 (CC BY-SA 4.0). How Mova does on its tests: [the lesson at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/62-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast/). - [0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/62-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast/0/) — A mushroom is not a plant and not an animal: it belongs to a third great kingdom of life, the fungi, which also includes moulds and the yeast in bread. - [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/62-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast/1/) — The mushroom you see is only the fruit; the real fungus is a hidden web of threads, the mycelium, spread through the soil or a log like a giant tangle of white cotton. - [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/62-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast/3/) — Fungi cannot make food from sunlight; they feed by breathing out juices that break down food around them and then soaking it up, which is why they rot dead leaves, logs and the forgotten orange in the fruit bowl. - [4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/62-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast/4/) — Without fungi forests would drown in dead wood, bread would be flat, and the first antibiotic would never have been found; but some are deadly poisonous, so wild mushrooms are for looking at, never for eating. - [5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/62-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast/5/) — Fungi are their own kingdom of life, separate from plants and animals; they have no green chlorophyll and cannot make food from sunlight, and they are in fact closer relatives of animals than of plants. - [6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/62-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast/6/) — A mushroom is only the fruiting part of a fungus; the main body is mycelium, a web of fine threads in the soil or wood, and a fairy ring forms where the threads grow outwards in a circle. - [7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/62-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast/7/) — Fungi spread by spores, tiny specks like dust; a giant puffball can hold trillions of them, and a raindrop or a foot makes them puff out like smoke; most spores land in bad places, so only a few grow into new fungi. - [8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/62-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast/8/) — The red toadstool with white spots, the fly agaric, is poisonous, and the death cap, which looks plain and harmless, can kill; nobody should ever eat a wild mushroom unless an expert has checked it. - [9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/62-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast/9/) — Mould is a fungus too; on an old orange or a slice of bread its threads grow far inside the food and the green or blue fuzz on top is made of spores. - [10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/62-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast/10/) — In 1928 Alexander Fleming came back from a holiday to a messy lab and, instead of throwing out a spoiled dish, looked closely and saw that a mould called Penicillium had killed the bacteria around it on a dish; it made penicillin, which other scientists turned into a medicine in the 1940s, saving millions of lives. - [11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/62-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast/11/) — Yeast is a fungus made of single tiny cells; in bread dough it eats sugar and gives off carbon dioxide gas, whose bubbles make the dough rise; yeast works fast when warm and slowly in the cold. - [12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/62-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast/12/) — Most land plants have fungi joined to their roots, called mycorrhiza, which pass water and minerals to the plant and get sugars from it in return. - [14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/62-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast/14/) — A honey fungus in the Blue Mountains of Oregon, USA, spreads underground over about 9 square kilometres and is thought to be thousands of years old, perhaps the biggest living thing on Earth. - [15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/62-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast/15/) — Some fungi glow in the dark with a soft green light, called bioluminescence, made by a chemical reaction inside them, like the ghost fungus of Australia. - [16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/62-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast/16/) — Athlete's foot is a fungus that grows on warm, damp skin, often between the toes; drying feet well and wearing flip-flops at the pool help keep it away. - ← previous: [Carnivorous and strange plants](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/61-carnivorous-and-strange-plants/) - next →: [Microbes: bacteria and viruses, good and bad](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/63-microbes-bacteria-and-viruses/) - ↑ back to [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/)