---
title: Fungi cannot make food from sunlight; they feed by breathing out jui… — Fungi: mushrooms, mould and yeast · tree and pragmatics
description: Fungi cannot make food from sunlight; they feed by breathing out juices that break down food around them and then soaking it up, which is why they rot dead leaves, logs and the forgotten orange in the fruit bowl. Who acts: Fungi, juices. A sentence of the lesson «Fungi: mushrooms, mould and yeast» o
---

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# Fungi: mushrooms, mould and yeast, sentence 3

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Fungi cannot make food from sunlight; they feed by breathing out juices that break down food around them and then soaking it up, which is why they rot dead leaves, logs and the forgotten orange in the fruit bowl.

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**Who acts:** Fungi, juices · **What happens:** not make, feed, breathe out, break down, soak up, be · **To what, where:** food, sunlight, juices, dead leaves

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Fungi: mushrooms, mould and yeast» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Fungi, juices), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:062-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast.lesson:3
# text = Fungi cannot make food from sunlight; they feed by breathing out juices that break down food around them and then soaking it up, which is why they rot dead leaves, logs and the forgotten orange in the fruit bowl.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 062-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1
1	Fungi	fungi	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=4:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	feed	feed	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj
11	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	breathing	breathe	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
13	out	out	ADP	RP	_	12	compound:prt	_	_
14	juices	juice	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
15	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
16	break	break	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	_
17	down	down	ADP	RP	_	16	compound:prt	_	_
18	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	around	around	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obl	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	23	advmod	_	_
23	soaking	soak	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	conj	_	_
24	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	_
25	up	up	ADP	RP	_	23	compound:prt	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
27	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	29	nsubj	_	_
28	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	cop	_	_
29	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	23	conj	_	_
30	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
31	rot	rot	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	advcl:relcl	_	_
32	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	obj	_	_
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
35	logs	log	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	conj	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
38	forgotten	forget	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	39	amod	_	_
39	orange	orange	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	conj	_	_
40	in	in	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
42	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	compound	_	_
43	bowl	bowl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	nmod	_	_
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **make** | can | Fungi | food |  | sunlight |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset food=Product from sunlight=Material |
| 2 | **feed** | present | fungi |  |  |  |  |  | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **breathe out** | gerund | fungi *not said here* | juices |  |  |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent juice=Theme |
| 4 | **break down** | present | juices | food |  |  |  | around fungi | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Patient |
| 5 | **soak up** | gerund | fungi *not said here* | food |  |  | then |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 6 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | why *property* | tree rules |
| 7 | **rot** | present | fungi | dead leaves and logs and the forgotten orange in the fruit bowl |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 8 | **forget** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:062-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast.lesson:3`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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