--- title: Fungi are their own kingdom of life, separate from plants and animal… — Fungi: mushrooms, mould and yeast · tree and pragmatics description: Fungi are their own kingdom of life, separate from plants and animals; they have no green chlorophyll and cannot make food from sunlight, and they are in fact closer relatives of animals than of plants. Who acts: Fungi. A sentence of the lesson «Fungi: mushrooms, mould and yeast» of the biology cour --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/62-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Fungi: mushrooms, mould and yeast](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/62-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast/) / 5 # Fungi: mushrooms, mould and yeast, sentence 5 Fungi are their own kingdom of life, separate from plants and animals; they have no green chlorophyll and cannot make food from sunlight, and they are in fact closer relatives of animals than of plants. **Who acts:** Fungi · **What happens:** be, have, not make · **To what, where:** own kingdom, green chlorophyll, food, sunlight, closer relatives This is a sentence of the lesson «Fungi: mushrooms, mould and yeast» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Fungi), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:062-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast.lesson:5 # text = Fungi are their own kingdom of life, separate from plants and animals; they have no green chlorophyll and cannot make food from sunlight, and they are in fact closer relatives of animals than of plants. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 062-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Fungi fungi NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=5:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 3 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ _ 4 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 kingdom kingdom NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 6 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 life life NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 9 separate separate ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 10 from from ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 plants plant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obl _ _ 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 13 animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 conj _ _ 14 ; ; PUNCT : _ 16 punct _ _ 15 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ _ 16 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ _ 17 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 19 det _ _ 18 green green ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 19 chlorophyll chlorophyll NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obj _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 21 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 23 aux _ _ 22 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 23 advmod _ _ 23 make make VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 16 conj _ _ 24 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obj _ _ 25 from from ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 sunlight sunlight NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 29 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 nsubj _ _ 30 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 34 cop _ _ 31 in in ADP IN _ 32 fixed _ _ 32 fact fact ADV RB _ 34 advmod _ _ 33 closer closer ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 34 amod _ _ 34 relatives relative NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 conj _ _ 35 of of ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 36 animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 nmod _ _ 37 than than ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 38 of of ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 39 plants plant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 nmod _ _ 40 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Fungi | fungi's own kingdom | | | | of life | tree rules | | 2 | **have** | present | fungi | no green chlorophyll | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chlorophyll=Patient | | 3 | **not** **make** | can | fungi *not said here* | food | | sunlight | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset food=Product from sunlight=Material | | 4 | **is a** | present | fungi | closer relatives | | | | of animals; than plants; fact *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:062-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Fungi: mushrooms, mould and yeast, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/62-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast/4/) - next →: [Fungi: mushrooms, mould and yeast, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/62-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/62-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast/)