--- title: A vaccine shows the body a harmless copy or piece of a germ, so the… — Microbes: bacteria and viruses, good and bad · tree and pragmatics description: A vaccine shows the body a harmless copy or piece of a germ, so the immune system learns to recognise it and can fight the real germ fast; Edward Jenner made the first vaccine, against smallpox, in 1796. Who acts: vaccine, immune system, Edward. A sentence of the lesson «Microbes: bacteria and virus --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/63-microbes-bacteria-and-viruses/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Microbes: bacteria and viruses, good a…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/63-microbes-bacteria-and-viruses/) / 12 # Microbes: bacteria and viruses, good and bad, sentence 12 A vaccine shows the body a harmless copy or piece of a germ, so the immune system learns to recognise it and can fight the real germ fast; Edward Jenner made the first vaccine, against smallpox, in 1796. **Who acts:** vaccine, immune system, Edward · **What happens:** show, learn, recognise, fight, make, copy · **To what, where:** harmless copy, body, system, real germ, first vaccine, 1796 This is a sentence of the lesson «Microbes: bacteria and viruses, good and bad» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (vaccine, immune system, Edward), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:063-microbes-bacteria-and-viruses.lesson:12 # text = A vaccine shows the body a harmless copy or piece of a germ, so the immune system learns to recognise it and can fight the real germ fast; Edward Jenner made the first vaccine, against smallpox, in 1796. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 063-microbes-bacteria-and-viruses.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 vaccine vaccine NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 shows show VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 body body NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 iobj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:obj 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 7 harmless harmless ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 copy copy NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 9 or or CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 10 piece piece NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 conj _ _ 11 of of ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 germ germ NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=10:nmod 14 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 15 so so ADV RB _ 19 advmod _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 17 immune immune NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 compound _ _ 18 system system NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ _ 19 learns learn VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 20 to to PART TO _ 21 mark _ _ 21 recognise recognise VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 19 xcomp _ _ 22 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 obj _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 24 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 25 aux _ _ 25 fight fight VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 19 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=21:conj 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 27 real real ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ _ 28 germ germ NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obj _ _ 29 fast fast ADV RB _ 25 advmod _ _ 30 ; ; PUNCT : _ 33 punct _ _ 31 Edward Edward PROPN NNP Number=Sing 33 nsubj _ _ 32 Jenner Jenner PROPN NNP Number=Sing 31 flat _ _ 33 made make VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 35 first first ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 36 amod _ _ 36 vaccine vaccine NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 obj _ _ 37 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 38 against against ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 39 smallpox smallpox NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 nmod _ _ 40 , , PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ _ 41 in in ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 42 1796 1796 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 33 obl _ _ 43 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **show** | present | a vaccine | a harmless copy of a germ or piece | the body | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent body=Recipient copy=Topic | | 2 | **learn** | present | the immune system | | | | | | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **recognise** | to-infinitive | the immune system *not said here* | system | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus | | 4 | **fight** | can | the immune system *not said here* | the real germ | | | | fast *property* | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent germ=Co-Agent | | 5 | **make** | past | Edward | the first vaccine | | 1796 | | against smallpox | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vaccine=Product | | 6 | **copy** | | | a germ | | | | | nom copy «communication transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:063-microbes-bacteria-and-viruses.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Microbes: bacteria and viruses, good a…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/63-microbes-bacteria-and-viruses/11/) - next →: [Microbes: bacteria and viruses, good a…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/63-microbes-bacteria-and-viruses/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/63-microbes-bacteria-and-viruses/)