--- title: The Dutch cloth merchant Antonie van Leeuwenhoek made tiny powerful… — Microbes: bacteria and viruses, good and bad · tree and pragmatics description: The Dutch cloth merchant Antonie van Leeuwenhoek made tiny powerful lenses and was among the first to see microbes; in 1683 he described bacteria from scrapings of his own teeth. Who acts: Dutch cloth merchant, merchant. A sentence of the lesson «Microbes: bacteria and viruses, good and bad» of the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/63-microbes-bacteria-and-viruses/6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Microbes: bacteria and viruses, good a…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/63-microbes-bacteria-and-viruses/) / 6 # Microbes: bacteria and viruses, good and bad, sentence 6 The Dutch cloth merchant Antonie van Leeuwenhoek made tiny powerful lenses and was among the first to see microbes; in 1683 he described bacteria from scrapings of his own teeth. **Who acts:** Dutch cloth merchant, merchant · **What happens:** make, be, see, describe · **To what, where:** tiny powerful lenses, microbes, bacteria, 1683 This is a sentence of the lesson «Microbes: bacteria and viruses, good and bad» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dutch cloth merchant, merchant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:063-microbes-bacteria-and-viruses.lesson:6 # text = The Dutch cloth merchant Antonie van Leeuwenhoek made tiny powerful lenses and was among the first to see microbes; in 1683 he described bacteria from scrapings of his own teeth. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 063-microbes-bacteria-and-viruses.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 2 Dutch dutch ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 3 cloth cloth NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 compound _ _ 4 merchant merchant NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _ 5 Antonie Antonie PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 appos _ _ 6 van Van PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 flat _ _ 7 Leeuwenhoek Leeuwenhoek PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 flat _ _ 8 made make VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 9 tiny tiny ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 10 powerful powerful ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 lenses lens NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obj _ _ 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 13 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 16 cop _ _ 14 among among ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 first first ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 8 conj _ _ 17 to to PART TO _ 18 mark _ _ 18 see see VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 16 acl _ _ 19 microbes microbe NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obj _ _ 20 ; ; PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 21 in in ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 1683 1683 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 24 obl _ _ 23 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nsubj _ _ 24 described describe VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=8:conj 25 bacteria bacteria NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obj _ _ 26 from from ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 scrapings scraping NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obl _ _ 28 of of ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 29 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 31 nmod:poss _ _ 30 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 31 teeth tooth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 nmod _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **make** | past | the Dutch cloth merchant | tiny powerful lenses | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset lens=Product | | 2 | **is** | past | the Dutch cloth merchant *not said here* | | | | | first *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **see** | to-infinitive | | microbes | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer microbe=Stimulus | | 4 | **describe** | past | merchant | bacteria | | 1683 | | from scrapings of merchant's own teeth | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent bacteria=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:063-microbes-bacteria-and-viruses.lesson:6`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Microbes: bacteria and viruses, good a…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/63-microbes-bacteria-and-viruses/5/) - next →: [Microbes: bacteria and viruses, good a…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/63-microbes-bacteria-and-viruses/7/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/63-microbes-bacteria-and-viruses/)