--- title: Yoghurt is milk changed by friendly bacteria, which eat the milk sug… — Microbes: bacteria and viruses, good and bad · tree and pragmatics description: Yoghurt is milk changed by friendly bacteria, which eat the milk sugar and make lactic acid that thickens the milk and makes it tangy; «live cultures» on a pot means these friendly bacteria are still in it. Who acts: friendly bacteria, lactic acid, live cultures. A sentence of the lesson «Microbes: --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/63-microbes-bacteria-and-viruses/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Microbes: bacteria and viruses, good a…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/63-microbes-bacteria-and-viruses/) / 8 # Microbes: bacteria and viruses, good and bad, sentence 8 Yoghurt is milk changed by friendly bacteria, which eat the milk sugar and make lactic acid that thickens the milk and makes it tangy; «live cultures» on a pot means these friendly bacteria are still in it. **Who acts:** friendly bacteria, lactic acid, live cultures · **What happens:** change, eat, make, thicken, mean, be · **To what, where:** Yoghurt, milk sugar, lactic acid, milk, pot · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Microbes: bacteria and viruses, good and bad» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (friendly bacteria, lactic acid, live cultures), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:063-microbes-bacteria-and-viruses.lesson:8 # text = Yoghurt is milk changed by friendly bacteria, which eat the milk sugar and make lactic acid that thickens the milk and makes it tangy; «live cultures» on a pot means these friendly bacteria are still in it. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 063-microbes-bacteria-and-viruses.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×3 1 Yoghurt yoghurt NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass _ _ 3 milk milk NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl:unmarked _ _ 4 changed change VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 by by ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 friendly friendly ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 bacteria bacterium NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=4:obl|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 8 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 9 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 10 nsubj _ _ 10 eat eat VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 acl:relcl _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 12 milk milk NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 compound _ _ 13 sugar sugar NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obj _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 15 make make VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=10:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 16 lactic lactic ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 amod _ _ 17 acid acid NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obj _ _ 18 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 19 nsubj _ _ 19 thickens thicken VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 acl:relcl _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 milk milk NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obj _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 23 makes make VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 conj _ _ 24 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 obj _ _ 25 tangy tangy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 xcomp _ _ 26 ; ; PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 27 « « PUNCT `` _ 29 punct _ _ 28 live live ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 29 cultures culture NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 nsubj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=17:conj 30 » » PUNCT '' _ 29 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=34:punct 31 on on ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 32 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 pot pot NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=34:obl 34 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 35 these this DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 37 det _ _ 36 friendly friendly ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 37 amod _ _ 37 bacteria bacterium NOUN NNS Number=Plur 41 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=41:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 38 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 41 cop _ _ 39 still still ADV RB _ 41 advmod _ _ 40 in in ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 41 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 ccomp _ _ 42 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **change** | present · passive | friendly bacteria | Yoghurt | | | | milk *obl:unmarked* | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient | | 2 | **eat** | present | friendly bacteria | the milk sugar | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sugar=Patient | | 3 | **make** | present | friendly bacteria *not said here* | lactic acid | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset acid=Product | | 4 | **thicken** | present | lactic acid | the milk | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent milk=Patient | | 5 | **make** | present | lactic acid *not said here* | milk | | | | tangy *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product | | 6 | **mean** | present | live cultures on a pot | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **is** | present | this friendly bacteria | | | pot | still | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:063-microbes-bacteria-and-viruses.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Microbes: bacteria and viruses, good a…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/63-microbes-bacteria-and-viruses/7/) - next →: [Microbes: bacteria and viruses, good a…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/63-microbes-bacteria-and-viruses/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/63-microbes-bacteria-and-viruses/)