---
title: Joints are where bones meet; the knee and elbow are hinge joints tha… — Cells, bones and muscles · tree and pragmatics
description: Joints are where bones meet; the knee and elbow are hinge joints that bend one way like a door, while the shoulder and hip are ball-and-socket joints that turn many ways. Who acts: Joints, knee, hinge joints. A sentence of the lesson «Cells, bones and muscles» of the biology course of Mova's primary
---

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# Cells, bones and muscles, sentence 13

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Joints are where bones meet; the knee and elbow are hinge joints that bend one way like a door, while the shoulder and hip are ball-and-socket joints that turn many ways.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Joints, knee, hinge joints · **What happens:** be, bend, turn · **To what, where:** hinge joints, one way, ball, many ways

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Cells, bones and muscles» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Joints, knee, hinge joints), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:064-cells-bones-and-muscles.lesson:13
# text = Joints are where bones meet; the knee and elbow are hinge joints that bend one way like a door, while the shoulder and hip are ball-and-socket joints that turn many ways.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 064-cells-bones-and-muscles.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2
1	Joints	joint	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	5	advmod	_	_
4	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	meet	meet	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	knee	knee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	elbow	elbow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
12	hinge	hinge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	joints	joint	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	parataxis	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	bend	bend	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
16	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	17	nummod	_	_
17	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	like	like	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=17:nmod
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	shoulder	shoulder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	hip	hip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	_
27	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
28	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
29	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	28	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
31	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	30	punct	_	_
32	socket	socket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	conj	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=33:compound
33	joints	joint	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	conj	_	_
34	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	35	nsubj	_	_
35	turn	turn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	33	acl:relcl	_	_
36	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
37	ways	way	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	obj	_	_
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Joints |  |  |  |  | meet *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | the knee and elbow | hinge joints and ball and socket |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **bend** | present | hinge joints and ball and socket | one way |  |  |  | like a door | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent way=Material |
| 4 | **is a** | present | the knee and elbow *not said here* | ball and socket |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **turn** | present | joints | many ways |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent way=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:064-cells-bones-and-muscles.lesson:13`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

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