--- title: Muscles move bones by pulling, never pushing; the biceps on the fron… — Cells, bones and muscles · tree and pragmatics description: Muscles move bones by pulling, never pushing; the biceps on the front of the arm shortens to bend the elbow, and the triceps at the back pulls to straighten it. Who acts: Muscles, biceps, triceps. A sentence of the lesson «Cells, bones and muscles» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/64-cells-bones-and-muscles/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Cells, bones and muscles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/64-cells-bones-and-muscles/) / 15 # Cells, bones and muscles, sentence 15 Muscles move bones by pulling, never pushing; the biceps on the front of the arm shortens to bend the elbow, and the triceps at the back pulls to straighten it. **Who acts:** Muscles, biceps, triceps · **What happens:** move, pull, not push, shorten, bend, straighten · **To what, where:** bones, elbow This is a sentence of the lesson «Cells, bones and muscles» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Muscles, biceps, triceps), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:064-cells-bones-and-muscles.lesson:15 # text = Muscles move bones by pulling, never pushing; the biceps on the front of the arm shortens to bend the elbow, and the triceps at the back pulls to straighten it. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 064-cells-bones-and-muscles.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3 1 Muscles muscle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 move move VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 bones bone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 4 by by SCONJ IN _ 5 mark _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 5 pulling pull VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 2 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:obl|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 6 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 7 never never ADV RB PronType=Neg 8 advmod _ _ 8 pushing push VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 2 conj _ _ 9 ; ; PUNCT : _ 11 punct _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 biceps biceps NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 nsubj _ _ 12 on on ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 front front NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=18:obl 15 of of ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 arm arm NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nmod _ _ 18 shortens shorten VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _ 19 to to PART TO _ 20 mark _ _ 20 bend bend VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 18 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=18:xcomp 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 elbow elbow NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obj _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=26:punct 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 triceps triceps NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 nsubj _ _ 27 at at ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 back back NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=30:obl 30 pulls pull VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 conj _ _ 31 to to PART TO _ 32 mark _ _ 32 straighten straighten VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 30 advcl _ _ 33 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 obj _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **move** | present | Muscles | bones | | | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent bone=Theme | | 2 | **pull** | gerund | Muscles *not said here* | | | | | | vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **not** **push** | gerund | Muscles *not said here* | | | | | | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **shorten** | present | the biceps on the front of the arm | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 5 | **bend** | to-infinitive | the biceps on the front of the arm *not said here* | the elbow | | | | | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent elbow=Material | | 6 | **pull** | present | the triceps at the back | | | | | | vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 7 | **straighten** | to-infinitive | the triceps at the back *not said here* | elbow | | | | | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:064-cells-bones-and-muscles.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Cells, bones and muscles, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/64-cells-bones-and-muscles/14/) - next →: [Cells, bones and muscles, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/64-cells-bones-and-muscles/17/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/64-cells-bones-and-muscles/)