--- title: You are about 1 centimetre taller in the morning than at bedtime, be… — Cells, bones and muscles · tree and pragmatics description: You are about 1 centimetre taller in the morning than at bedtime, because the soft discs between the bones of your spine are squashed during the day and fill up again at night; with no gravity squashing them, astronauts in space grow a few centimetres taller. Who acts: You, gravity, astronauts. A se --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/64-cells-bones-and-muscles/18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Cells, bones and muscles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/64-cells-bones-and-muscles/) / 18 # Cells, bones and muscles, sentence 18 You are about 1 centimetre taller in the morning than at bedtime, because the soft discs between the bones of your spine are squashed during the day and fill up again at night; with no gravity squashing them, astronauts in space grow a few centimetres taller. **Who acts:** You, gravity, astronauts · **What happens:** be, squash, fill up, grow · **To what, where:** soft discs, discs This is a sentence of the lesson «Cells, bones and muscles» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (You, gravity, astronauts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:064-cells-bones-and-muscles.lesson:18 # text = You are about 1 centimetre taller in the morning than at bedtime, because the soft discs between the bones of your spine are squashed during the day and fill up again at night; with no gravity squashing them, astronauts in space grow a few centimetres taller. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 064-cells-bones-and-muscles.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 You you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 6 nsubj _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _ 3 about about ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 4 1 1 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 5 nummod _ _ 5 centimetre centimetre NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl:unmarked _ _ 6 taller tall ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 0 root _ _ 7 in in ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 morning morning NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 10 than than ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 at at ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 bedtime bedtime NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 14 because because SCONJ IN _ 25 mark _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 16 soft soft ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 amod _ _ 17 discs disc NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 nsubj _ _ 18 between between ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 bones bone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 nmod _ _ 21 of of ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 22 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ _ 23 spine spine NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 nmod _ _ 24 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 aux:pass _ _ 25 squashed squash VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 6 advcl _ _ 26 during during ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obl _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 30 fill fill VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=25:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 31 up up ADP RP _ 30 compound:prt _ _ 32 again again ADV RB _ 30 advmod _ _ 33 at at ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 34 night night NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obl _ _ 35 ; ; PUNCT : _ 39 punct _ _ 36 with with SCONJ IN _ 39 mark _ _ 37 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 38 det _ _ 38 gravity gravity NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 nsubj _ _ 39 squashing squash VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 30 advcl _ _ 40 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 39 obj _ _ 41 , , PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ _ 42 astronauts astronaut NOUN NNS Number=Plur 45 nsubj _ _ 43 in in ADP IN _ 44 case _ _ 44 space space NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 nmod _ _ 45 grow grow VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 39 parataxis _ _ 46 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 48 det _ _ 47 few few ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 48 amod _ _ 48 centimetres centimetre NOUN NNS Number=Plur 49 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=45:obj 49 taller tall ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 45 xcomp _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=48:amod 50 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | You | | | | morning | than bedtime; 1 centimetre *obl:unmarked*; tall *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **squash** | present · passive | | the soft discs between the bones of your spine | | | day | | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | | 3 | **fill up** | present | | | | | again; night | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 4 | **squash** | gerund | no gravity | discs *= disc* | | | | | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient | | 5 | **grow** | present | astronauts in space | | | | | tall *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:064-cells-bones-and-muscles.lesson:18`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Cells, bones and muscles, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/64-cells-bones-and-muscles/17/) - next →: [The heart and blood, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/65-the-heart-and-blood/0/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/64-cells-bones-and-muscles/)