---
title: Whales breathe air through a blowhole on top of the head; the blow i… — Lungs and breathing · tree and pragmatics
description: Whales breathe air through a blowhole on top of the head; the blow is warm breath and spray, and some whales can hold their breath for over an hour. Who acts: Whales, blow. A sentence of the lesson «Lungs and breathing» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the 
---

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# Lungs and breathing, sentence 17

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Whales breathe air through a blowhole on top of the head; the blow is warm breath and spray, and some whales can hold their breath for over an hour.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Whales, blow · **What happens:** breathe, be, hold · **To what, where:** air, blowhole, warm breath, breath

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Lungs and breathing» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Whales, blow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:066-lungs-and-breathing.lesson:17
# text = Whales breathe air through a blowhole on top of the head; the blow is warm breath and spray, and some whales can hold their breath for over an hour.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 066-lungs-and-breathing.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Whales	whale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	breathe	breathe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	through	through	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	blowhole	blowhole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	blow	blow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
16	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	breath	breath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:conj
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	spray	spray	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
22	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	23	det	_	_
23	whales	whale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nsubj	_	_
24	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
25	hold	hold	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
26	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	breath	breath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
28	for	for	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
29	over	over	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
30	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **breathe** | present | Whales | air |  | a blowhole on top of the head |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | the blow | warm breath and spray |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **hold** | can | some whales | whales's breath |  |  | hour |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breath=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:066-lungs-and-breathing.lesson:17`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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