---
title: The lungs are two spongy organs in the chest; a child's lungs hold a… — Lungs and breathing · tree and pragmatics
description: The lungs are two spongy organs in the chest; a child's lungs hold about 2 to 3 litres of air and an adult's about 6 litres. Who acts: lungs. A sentence of the lesson «Lungs and breathing» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Lungs and breathing, sentence 5

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The lungs are two spongy organs in the chest; a child's lungs hold about 2 to 3 litres of air and an adult's about 6 litres.

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**Who acts:** lungs · **What happens:** be, hold · **To what, where:** two spongy organs, chest, 2 litres

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Lungs and breathing» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lungs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:066-lungs-and-breathing.lesson:5
# text = The lungs are two spongy organs in the chest; a child's lungs hold about 2 to 3 litres of air and an adult's about 6 litres.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 066-lungs-and-breathing.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lungs	lung	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
5	spongy	spongy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	organs	organ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	chest	chest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:obl
10	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod:poss	_	_
13	's	's	PART	POS	_	12	case	_	_
14	lungs	lung	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
15	hold	hold	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:conj
16	about	about	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	20	nummod	_	_
18	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	17	nmod	_	_
20	litres	litre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
24	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	adult	adult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod:poss	_	_
26	's	's	PART	POS	_	25	case	_	_
27	about	about	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
28	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	29	nummod	_	_
29	litres	litre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	_
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the lungs | two spongy organs |  | the chest |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hold** | present | a child's lungs | 2 litres of air and a adult's 6 litres |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent litre=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:066-lungs-and-breathing.lesson:5`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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