--- title: The diaphragm, a dome-shaped muscle under the lungs, pulls down when… — Lungs and breathing · tree and pragmatics description: The diaphragm, a dome-shaped muscle under the lungs, pulls down when you breathe in, making more room in the chest so air rushes in; a hiccup is a sudden jerk of the diaphragm. Who acts: diaphragm, you, air, hiccup. A sentence of the lesson «Lungs and breathing» of the biology course of Mova's prima --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/66-lungs-and-breathing/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Lungs and breathing](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/66-lungs-and-breathing/) / 8 # Lungs and breathing, sentence 8 The diaphragm, a dome-shaped muscle under the lungs, pulls down when you breathe in, making more room in the chest so air rushes in; a hiccup is a sudden jerk of the diaphragm. **Who acts:** diaphragm, you, air, hiccup · **What happens:** shape, pull down, breathe in, make, rush in, be · **To what, where:** dome, more room, chest, sudden jerk This is a sentence of the lesson «Lungs and breathing» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (diaphragm, you, air, hiccup), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:066-lungs-and-breathing.lesson:8 # text = The diaphragm, a dome-shaped muscle under the lungs, pulls down when you breathe in, making more room in the chest so air rushes in; a hiccup is a sudden jerk of the diaphragm. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 066-lungs-and-breathing.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 diaphragm diaphragm NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ _ 3 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 5 dome dome NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=7:compound 6 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 5 punct _ _ 7 shaped shape VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 8 amod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=8:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 8 muscle muscle NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 appos _ _ 9 under under ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 lungs lung NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 nmod _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 13 pulls pull VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 14 down down ADP RP _ 13 compound:prt _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=13:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_ 15 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 17 advmod _ _ 16 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ _ 17 breathe breathe VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 advcl _ _ 18 in in ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 20 making make VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 13 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=17:advcl 21 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 22 amod _ _ 22 room room NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obj _ _ 23 in in ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 chest chest NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nmod _ _ 26 so so ADV RB _ 28 advmod _ _ 27 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 nsubj _ _ 28 rushes rush VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 advcl _ _ 29 in in ADV RB _ 28 advmod _ _ 30 ; ; PUNCT : _ 36 punct _ _ 31 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 hiccup hiccup NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 nsubj _ _ 33 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 36 cop _ _ 34 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 35 sudden sudden ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 36 amod _ _ 36 jerk jerk NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 parataxis _ _ 37 of of ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 38 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 39 diaphragm diaphragm NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 nmod _ _ 40 . . PUNCT . _ 13 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **shape** | participle | | dome | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | | 2 | **pull down** | present | the diaphragm | | | | | | vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **breathe in** | present | you | | | | | | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **make** | gerund | the diaphragm *not said here* | more room | | the chest | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset room=Product | | 5 | **rush in** | present | air | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **is a** | present | a hiccup | a sudden jerk | | | | of the diaphragm | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:066-lungs-and-breathing.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Lungs and breathing, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/66-lungs-and-breathing/7/) - next →: [Lungs and breathing, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/66-lungs-and-breathing/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/66-lungs-and-breathing/)